This policy statement provides a framework for the pediatrician' s role in promoting the health and well-being of all children in the context of their families and communities. It offers pediatricians a definition of community pediatrics, emphasizes the importance of recognizing social determinants of health, and delineates the need to partner with public health to address population-based child health issues. It also recognizes the importance of pediatric involvement in child advocacy at local, state, and federal levels to ensure all children have access to a high-quality medical home and to eliminate child health disparities. This statement provides a set of specific recommendations that underscore the critical nature of this dimension of pediatric practice, teaching, and research. Pediatrics 2013;131:623-628Environmental and social factors contribute significantly to the health and well-being of children in the contexts of families, schools, and communities. Over the past decade, the Institute of Medicine recognized and quantified the effects of external factors on early brain development and the health of children in 2 seminal reports, Neurons to Neighborhoods 1 in 2000 and Children' s Health, the Nation' s Wealth 2 in 2004. As understanding of the mechanisms and impact of biological, behavioral, cultural, social, and physical environments on healthy development deepens and expands, the long-standing role of pediatricians in promoting the physical, mental, and social health and well-being of all children must also evolve. 3 The field of pediatrics must address the problems facing children in the 21st century by influencing these critical determinants of child health and well-being. 4 To do so, pediatricians must successfully merge their traditional clinical skills with public health, population-based approaches to practice, and advocacy.