The Best-Laid Plans: Limited Entry Permits and Limited Entry Systems in Eastern Aleut Culture

Reedy-Maschner, K

doi:10.17730/humo.66.2.97231040w8jt857n

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In their reflections on the past, older fishers describe the satisfaction of becoming ''independent fishermen'' around midcentury, in possession of one's own boat and gear, and, later, gaining a fishing permit, which most argue gave the fishing fleet more power vis-à-vis the processors. To this day, owning a commercial fishing permit in rural Alaska enables residents to redistribute wealth and employment opportunities to kith and kin in communities with limited opportunities for cash income, and makes possible a livelihood that meshes with subsistence hunting and gathering practices and other long-valorized pursuits (Reedy-Maschner, 2007;Langdon, 1991Langdon, , 1995. Currently, permit ownership is the chief way salmon fishers exercise claims on the resource, since the state regulatory process requires permit holders' input and engagement.…”

Section: Slipping Past the Itq Spparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

The matter of market devices: Economic transformation in a southwest Alaskan salmon fishery

Hébert

2014

Geoforum

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a b s t r a c tThe past few decades have witnessed the reconfiguration of a sweep of industries and sectors to more closely mirror economic models, often interpreted as a hallmark of neoliberal reordering in the growing body of scholarship on the topic. Analyses have emphasized not simply the primacy of market designs in these transformations, but also their performative force: the degree to which they bring into being the phenomena they would seem to merely describe. While studies have begun to probe how transformations are effected through market devices, less attention has been directed toward understanding the conditions under which performative properties take hold, or are confounded. This article outlines recent shifts in the operations of a commercial salmon fishery in southwest Alaska in order to examine how broader modes of industry restructuring are accomplished, at least in part, through the material reworking of everyday objects and actions, such as market goods and the practices through which they are produced and consumed. It demonstrates that the abstract designs that inform fishery change, including rationalization and niche-marketing efforts, emerge not merely from the minds of economic analysts but also, and perhaps even more consequentially, through the material reconfiguration of fish flesh. At the same time, ethnographic evidence from southwest Alaska reveals the limits of performative reordering as well: Salmon fishers and their products are never very smoothly remade in the image of market models. The article argues that market materialities thus constitute both vehicles for and disruptions to the worldly realizations of neoliberal designs.

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Section: Slipping Past the Itq Spparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

The matter of market devices: Economic transformation in a southwest Alaskan salmon fishery

Hébert

2014

Geoforum

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“…As a result, regulators have curtailed fisheries and excluded local peoples from traditional harvesting territories 2 . This is a critical problem for the Aleut peoples of the western Gulf of Alaska, who depend strongly on biotic resources from the marine communities 8 9 10 . This central dependence on marine resources stretches back throughout the nearly 10,000-year prehistory of human presence in the North Pacific, raising the questions of what kinds of impacts humans have had on marine species and ecosystems in this area and how should future impacts be managed.…”

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confidence: 99%

The roles and impacts of human hunter-gatherers in North Pacific marine food webs

Dunne

Maschner

Betts³

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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There is a nearly 10,000-year history of human presence in the western Gulf of Alaska, but little understanding of how human foragers integrated into and impacted ecosystems through their roles as hunter-gatherers. We present two highly resolved intertidal and nearshore food webs for the Sanak Archipelago in the eastern Aleutian Islands and use them to compare trophic roles of prehistoric humans to other species. We find that the native Aleut people played distinctive roles as super-generalist and highly-omnivorous consumers closely connected to other species. Although the human population was positioned to have strong effects, arrival and presence of Aleut people in the Sanak Archipelago does not appear associated with long-term extinctions. We simulated food web dynamics to explore to what degree introducing a species with trophic roles like those of an Aleut forager, and allowing for variable strong feeding to reflect use of hunting technology, is likely to trigger extinctions. Potential extinctions decreased when an invading omnivorous super-generalist consumer focused strong feeding on decreasing fractions of its possible resources. This study presents the first assessment of the structural roles of humans as consumers within complex ecological networks, and potential impacts of those roles and feeding behavior on associated extinctions.

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“…In certain cases these impacts can be severe and complex, sometimes resulting in disproportional hardships to small-scale, artisanal, low income, and minority or indigenous fishers (Allen and Gough, 2006a;Carothers, 2007;Reedy-Maschner, 2007). However, many argue that these impacts are relatively small compared to the extreme socioeconomic hardships that could and have resulted from the decline or collapse of poorly regulated fish stocks (Hutchings and Meyers, 1994;Ruitenbeek, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring socioeconomic impacts of Hawai‘i's 2010 bigeye tuna closure: Complexities of local management in a global fishery

Richmond

Kotowicz

2015

Ocean & Coastal Management

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The Best-Laid Plans: Limited Entry Permits and Limited Entry Systems in Eastern Aleut Culture

Cited by 10 publications

References 10 publications

The matter of market devices: Economic transformation in a southwest Alaskan salmon fishery

The matter of market devices: Economic transformation in a southwest Alaskan salmon fishery

The roles and impacts of human hunter-gatherers in North Pacific marine food webs

Monitoring socioeconomic impacts of Hawai‘i's 2010 bigeye tuna closure: Complexities of local management in a global fishery

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