The Best K-Exponential Moving Average with Missing Values: Gold Prices in Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey during COVID-19

Abstract

There have been missing values in the gold price data for Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey at the weekend so that imputation techniques have been carried out to solve this problem. The imputation method of replacing NAs with the latest non-NA values also known as last observation carried forward (LOCF) made it a solution to overcome the missing values. This study selected the best -exponential moving average based on the smallest mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) from simulations. The 2-exponential moving average analysis was the best analysis for the price of gold which has missing values in Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey during COVID-19, while the largest MAPE values are different for each country.