2012
DOI: 10.1007/s00134-012-2682-1
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The Berlin definition of ARDS: an expanded rationale, justification, and supplementary material

Abstract: This panel addressed some of the limitations of the prior ARDS definition by incorporating current data, physiologic concepts, and clinical trials results to develop the Berlin definition, which should facilitate case recognition and better match treatment options to severity in both research trials and clinical practice.

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Cited by 1,133 publications
(938 citation statements)
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References 43 publications
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“…ARDS was defined according to the criteria stated by the American-European Consensus Conference (AECC) on ARDS [14]: i.e., the diagnosis required an acute onset of symptoms, the presence of bilateral infiltrates on chest radiography, a pulmonaryartery wedge pressure below 18 mmHg and/or the absence of signs of left ventricular dysfunction, and a partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood to fraction of inspired oxygen ratio (P/F) no greater than 200. Patients that met the above criteria but with a P/F ratio of 300 or below, classified as ALI according to AECC criteria, were also included in the analysis because the updated definition of ARDS according to the Berlin definition [15,16] classifies this category as mild ARDS. Henceforth in this article patients with ALI according to AECC criteria will be categorized as mild ARDS.…”
Section: Inclusion and Exclusion Criteriamentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…ARDS was defined according to the criteria stated by the American-European Consensus Conference (AECC) on ARDS [14]: i.e., the diagnosis required an acute onset of symptoms, the presence of bilateral infiltrates on chest radiography, a pulmonaryartery wedge pressure below 18 mmHg and/or the absence of signs of left ventricular dysfunction, and a partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood to fraction of inspired oxygen ratio (P/F) no greater than 200. Patients that met the above criteria but with a P/F ratio of 300 or below, classified as ALI according to AECC criteria, were also included in the analysis because the updated definition of ARDS according to the Berlin definition [15,16] classifies this category as mild ARDS. Henceforth in this article patients with ALI according to AECC criteria will be categorized as mild ARDS.…”
Section: Inclusion and Exclusion Criteriamentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) IV score [17], the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) [18] score, the Oxygenation Index (OI) [19], and the Berlin classification [15,16] were determined in the first 24 h after admission.…”
Section: Established Disease Severity Scoring Systemsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Since the establishment of the new definition of ARDS in 2012, the concept of initiating therapeutic interventions according to disease severity was introduced,35, 185 and numerous reports have been made in recent years describing the clinical utility of techniques such as oxygen therapy in mild ARDS cases, oxygen therapy administered via high‐flow nasal cannula (high‐flow nasal therapy), and noninvasive positive pressure ventilation 186, 187, 188, 189. Administering oxygen in some form to sepsis patients presenting with hypoxemia is widely practiced, and while this approach is believed to help prevent the onset of acute respiratory failure leading to ARDS, there is currently no clear supporting evidence.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Fourth, the term acute lung injury was abandoned. Fifth, measurement of the PaO 2 /FIO 2 ratio was changed to require a specific minimum amount of PEEP; three categories of ARDS were proposed (mild, moderate, and severe) based on the PaO 2 /FIO 2 ratio cutoffs of 300 and below [17,18]. In addition, minute ventilation (as a surrogate for dead space), and compliance of the respiratory system were initially proposed by the consensus panel.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%