The Berkeley Rudimentary Vision Test

Bailey, Ian L.; Jackson, A. Jonathan; Minto, Hasan; Greer, Robert B.; Chu, Marlena A.

doi:10.1097/opx.0b013e318264e85a

Cited by 79 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…During VI classification, visual acuity is currently assessed using a logMAR chart and the Berkeley Rudimentary Vision Test,10 and visual fields are assessed using Goldman, Humphrey or Octopus perimetry. We asked the panel whether they were confident that the current tests of visual acuity and visual field were appropriate for the purpose of classification.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expert consensus statement to guide the evidence-based classification of Paralympic athletes with vision impairment: a Delphi study

2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundParalympic sports are required to develop evidence-based systems that allocate athletes into ‘classes’ on the basis of the impact of their impairment on sport performance. However, sports for athletes with vision impairment (VI) classify athletes solely based on the WHO criteria for low vision and blindness. One key barrier to evidence-based classification is the absence of guidance on how to address classification issues unique to VI sport. The aim of this study was to reach expert consensus on how issues specific to VI sport should be addressed in evidence-based classification.MethodA four-round Delphi study was conducted with 25 participants who had expertise as a coach, athlete, classifier and/or administrator in Paralympic sport for VI athletes.ResultsThe experts agreed that the current method of classification does not fulfil the requirements of Paralympic classification, and that the system should be different for each sport to account for the sports’ unique visual demands. Instead of relying only on tests of visual acuity and visual field, the panel agreed that additional tests are required to better account for the impact of impairment on sport performance. There was strong agreement that all athletes should not be required to wear a blindfold as a means of equalising the impairment during competition.ConclusionsThere is strong support within the Paralympic movement to change the way that VI athletes are classified. This consensus statement provides clear guidance on how the most important issues specific to VI should be addressed, removing key barriers to the development of evidence-based classification.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expert consensus statement to guide the evidence-based classification of Paralympic athletes with vision impairment: a Delphi study

2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Distance VA was determined both binocularly and monocularly following the procedure of Bailey et al 6. Specifically, a handheld ETDRS LogMAR letter chart was held at 4 m (2000 Series Revised, Precision Vision, La Salle, Illinois, USA), with the viewing distance reduced to 2 and 1 m if the participant could not read the largest letters on the chart.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Letter by letter scoring was used with the acuity measured in logMAR units. If the VA was too poor to be recorded using the letter chart (VA >1.60 LogMAR), the Berkeley Rudimentary Vision Test (BRVT)6 (Precision Vision, La Salle, Illinois, USA) was used. If the athlete could not see the maximum letter size (LogMAR 2.60) at the closest test distance then a standard test of light perception was performed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between visual function and performance in rifle shooting for athletes with vision impairment

Myint

Latham

Mann

et al. 2016

BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundParalympic sports provide opportunities for those who have an impairment that might otherwise be a barrier to participation in regular sporting competition. Rifle shooting represents an ideal sport for persons with vision impairment (VI) because the direction of the rifle can be guided by auditory information when vision is impaired. However, it is unknown whether those with some remaining vision when shooting with auditory guidance would be at an advantage when compared with those with no vision at all. If this were the case then it would be necessary for those with and without remaining vision to compete in separate classes of competition.Materials and methodThe associations between shooting performance and 3 measures of visual function thought important for shooting were assessed for 10 elite VI shooters currently classified as VI. A conventional audiogram was also obtained.ResultsThe sample size, though small, included the majority of European VI shooters competing at this level. The relationships between visual functions and performance confirmed that individuals with residual vision had no advantage over those without vision when auditory guidance was available. Auditory function was within normal limits for age, and showed no relationship with performance.SummaryThe findings suggest that rifle-shooting athletes with VI are able to use auditory information to overcome their impairment and optimise performance. Paralympic competition should be structured in a way that ensures that all shooters who qualify to compete in VI shooting participate within the same class irrespective of their level of VI.

show abstract

“…Often in clinical practice Snellen charts are used while in clinical trials ETDRS charts are utilized (Falkenstein et al, 2008). Recently, Bailey et al (2012) suggested using The Berkeley Rudimentary Vision Test for low vision visual acuity testing. It consists of three pairs of hinged cards that test using single tumbling E optotypes, various grating acuity targets, and white field projection and black white discrimination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the utility of visual acuity measures in visual prostheses

Caspi

Zivotofsky

2015

Vision Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There are presently several ongoing clinical trials to provide usable sight to profoundly visually impaired patients by means of electrical stimulation of the retina. Some of the blind patients implanted with retinal prosthesis reported un-patterned perception and yet benefit from the device in many activities of daily living, seemingly because they adopt active scanning strategies. The aim of the present work is to evaluate if and under what conditions a measured visual acuity level is truly an indication that the brain perceived a patterned image from the electrical stimulation of the visual prosthesis. Sighted subjects used a pixelized simulator in which they perceived either a low resolution sub-sampling of the original image ("normal mode"--patterned vision) or an image that was solely a function of the brightness and size of the original image ("brightness mode"--no patterned vision). Results show that subjects were able to adopt a head scanning strategy that enabled acuity beyond the resolution set by a static view of the stimulus. In brightness mode, i.e. without patterned vision, most subjects achieved a measurable acuity level better than the limit set by the geometrical resolution of the entire array but worse than the limit set by the distance between neighboring simulated pixels. In normal mode all subject achieved acuity level that is better than the geometrical resolution of the simulated pixels. Thus, visual acuity levels comparable with the electrodes/pixels resolution implies that the patient perceives an image with spatial patterns.

show abstract

The Berkeley Rudimentary Vision Test

Abstract: The BRVT is a simple and efficient test of spatial vision that, with 13 increments, extends the range of measurement from the limits of the letter chart up to light perception.

Cited by 79 publications

References 14 publications

Expert consensus statement to guide the evidence-based classification of Paralympic athletes with vision impairment: a Delphi study

Expert consensus statement to guide the evidence-based classification of Paralympic athletes with vision impairment: a Delphi study

The relationship between visual function and performance in rifle shooting for athletes with vision impairment

Assessing the utility of visual acuity measures in visual prostheses

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About