“…Nanostructured metal oxides (Niederberger et al, 2005;Pinna et al, 2011) such as titanium dioxide (Barth et al, 2015;Bayani et al, 2016), zinc oxide (Luo et al, 2013;Segets et al, 2009) and cerium dioxide (Chen and Xu, 2018;Seong et al, 2018;Song et al, 2018) are promising materials for current and future applications as catalysts (Low et al, 2018;Wang et al, 2017b), sensors (Ha et al, 2018;Uzunoglu and Stanciu, 2016), nanocomposites (Khataee et al, 2018;Mallakpour and Shamsaddinimotlagh, 2018) or functional ceramics (Bills et al, 2015;Lu et al, 2017). The nonaqueous sol-gel method is a versatile synthesis route to fabricate these materials in a highly crystalline form with well-defined properties (Bilecka et al, 2011;Niederberger et al, 2002).…”