The benefit-risk analysis of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and heavy metals in seven smoked fish species from Siberia

Abstract

In cold smoked species of genus Coregonus, identified by molecular genetic analysis, contents of fatty acids and heavy metals and arsenic were measured. The highest content of sum of longchain polyunsaturated fatty acids of omega-3 family (LC-PUFA), namely eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) fatty acids, 6.53±0.78 mg g -1 wet weight, was characteristic of tugun Coregonus tugun. This is the first quantitative estimation (mg LC-PUFA per g of product) of the nutritive value of smoked fish. Thus, to obtain a daily personal doze of 2 EPA+DHA of 1 g, recommended for prevention of cardiovascular diseases, one needs to consume 153 g of the smoked tugun. Metals contents did not exceed standards for fish meat except Pb in least cisco Coregonus sardinella. Accordingly, values of hazard quotients, which estimate benefit-risk ratio of fish intake, indicate that most of the smoked fish species are safe product for human nutrition, except least cisco regarding Pb content.

Trace Elements and Omega-3 Fatty Acids of Wild and Farmed Mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) Consumed in Bulgaria: Human Health Risks

“…The values of benefit–risk hazard quotients, HQ EFA , are given in Table 6 . According to Gladyshev et al [ 22 ] the quantification of benefit–risk ratio could be a more precise way of estimation of nutritive value, rather than using threshold limit values alone. The content of trace elements in the studied wild and farmed M. galloprovincialis did not decrease their nutritional value considering the benefit–risk ratio.…”

“…Gladyshev et al [ 22 ] proposed a formula for the benefit–risk ratio of the consumption of marine organisms based on the content of LC-PUFA and toxic/essential elements. It is estimated through a calculation using the following ratio: where R EFA is the recommended daily dose of essential fatty acids (EFA) for a human person (mg/day), C element is the concentration of the given element (mg/kg), C is the content of EFA (EPA + DHA) in mussel (mg/g), RfD is the reference dose (mg/kg/d) and B w is the average adult body weight (70 kg).…”

“…It is estimated through a calculation using the following ratio: where R EFA is the recommended daily dose of essential fatty acids (EFA) for a human person (mg/day), C element is the concentration of the given element (mg/kg), C is the content of EFA (EPA + DHA) in mussel (mg/g), RfD is the reference dose (mg/kg/d) and B w is the average adult body weight (70 kg). A value of HQ EFA less than 1 means the health benefit from bivalve consumption, and HQ EFA more than 1 means the risk [ 22 ]. For the calculation of this equation, R EFA = 500 mg/day [ 33 ] was used, and the values for RfD were given in Anishchenko et al [ 21 ].…”

“…Bearing in mind the potential risk for consumers to get a certain dose of trace elements, and the health benefits of seafood on the other hand, it is of great interest to assess the benefit–risk ratio of consumption of a portion of a given species and thus to provide consumers with relevant recommendations [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ]. The elements may be classified as essential (copper, selenium, zinc, manganese, iron), probably essential (cobalt and vanadium), and toxic (cadmium, arsenic, mercury, lead, and nickel).…”

Benefit-Risk Assessment of Fish And Shrimp Consumption From A Large Eutrophic Freshwater Lake, Southeastern China

“…In recent years, a number of researchers have focused on the bene t-risk assessment of sh consumption for human health (Balshaw et al, 2012;Cui et al, 2018;Gladyshev et al, 2020). Various approaches, either deterministic or probabilistic, such as the bene t-risk quotient (BRQ) (Gladyshev et al, 2009), probabilistic exposure assessment based on the extreme value theory (Cardoso et al, 2015), hazard quotient method (Sardenne et al, 2020;Strandberg et al, 2016), de minimus ratios (Laird et al, 2018), IQ dose-response equations (Cressey et al, 2020;Wang et al, 2020), net risk/bene t for adult coronary heart disease and infant visual recognition memory (Jing et al, 2021;Wang et al, 2020), have been carried out in bene t-risk assessment of sh consumption in speci c areas.…”