The beneficial effects of toremifene administration on the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis and sperm parameters in men with idiopathic oligozoospermia

Melatonin therapy adds extra benefit to varicecelectomy in terms of sperm parameters, hormonal profile and total antioxidant capacity: A placebo-controlled, double-blind trial

“…Spermatogenesis is roughly categorised into the following three phases: mitosis (spermatogonia), meiosis (spermatocytes) and spermiogenesis (the morphological transformation of spermatids) (McLachlan et al., ). These phases involve the coordinated proliferation, differentiation and survival of each progressively maturing germ cell type and are regulated by luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), which stimulate the Leydig and Sertoli cells respectively (Farmakiotis et al., ; You et al., ). Therefore, the improvement in testicular function observed in the present study may be attributed to the potential beneficial effect of melatonin on Leydig and Sertoli cells.…”

The effect of selective estrogen receptor modulator administration on the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis in men with idiopathic oligozoospermia

“…Notably, these findings were indicative of a better testicular exocrine response to treatment in men whose partners achieved pregnancy (22%) compared with those partners who did not (13).…”

“…It should be noted though that tamoxifen has also been reported to have direct stimulating effects on Leydig cell function (17) and 5a-dihydrotestosterone production in seminiferous tubules and epididymis (5,18). Moreover, in a recent report (13), toremifene administration led to a statistically significant increase in both testosterone production and sperm quality. This improvement in testicular function is apparently mediated by both increased gonadotropin secretion and a direct beneficial effect on the testes.…”

“…The study design was based on substantial evidence concerning the beneficial effects of tamoxifen (8,9,12) and toremifene (13), separately, in this particular population of subfertile men. To the best of our knowledge, no comparative study has been published so far.…”

Treatment of idiopathic oligozoospermia with combined human chorionic gonadotropin/human menopausal gonadotrophin: A randomised, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled clinical study

“…Spermatogenesis is categorised into three phases: mitosis (spermatogonia), meiosis (spermatocytes) and spermiogenesis (the morphological transformation of spermatids) (McLachlan et al, ). These phases involve the coordinated proliferation, differentiation and survival of progressively maturing germ cells which are regulated by LH and FSH (Farmakiotis et al, ; You et al, ). The improvement in testicular function observed in this study could be due to the potential beneficial effect of hCG/hMG therapy on Leydig cells and Sertoli cells.…”