The Beneficial Effects of Geniposide on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism: A Review

Abstract

Geniposide is a naturally sourced active ingredient that has diverse pharmacological effects and great potential in improving or treating different kinds of diseases. In recent years, more and more studies have confirmed that geniposide can improve glucose and lipid metabolism disorder, which is an increasingly prevalent health problem causing various metabolic diseases globally. Our review aims to summarize basic information on the pharmacological effects of geniposide on glucolipid metabolism. Geniposide increases glucose utilization and insulin production, protects pancreatic islet β cells, inhibits insulin resistance and hepatic glucose production, and suppresses gluconeogenesis. While in the aspect of lipid metabolism, geniposide can promote lipolysis, inhibit lipogenesis, and regulate lipid transport. Geniposide ameliorates lipid and glucose metabolic disorders, improving the entire glycolipid metabolism network in a three-dimensional manner at the level of molecular mechanism. Growing evidence revealed that geniposide may serve as an effective drug to combat metabolic diseases for the time to come.

Geniposide alleviates cholesterol-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in osteoblasts by mediating the GLP-1R/ABCA1 pathway

“…GEN is a natural compound that has been found to have therapeutic benefits and treat a variety of diseases, including osteoporosis [ 50 , 51 ]. GEN can up-regulate the expression of GLP-1R and ABCA1 in CHO-treated osteoblasts and promote CHO efflux from osteoblasts, suggesting that GEN might be the potential candidate for managing high-CHO-induced osteoporosis.…”

Effective Therapeutic Verification of Crocin I, Geniposide, and Gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis) on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus In Vivo and In Vitro

“…It was also found that geniposide could significantly upregulate the protein levels of Glc NAc T-Ⅳ, a glycosyltransferase, but had no significant effect on the expression of clathrin [ 35 ]. Some studies found that gardeniside could stimulate the glycogen synthesis in the mice with a high-fat diet and a streptozotocin injection [ 36 ]. Therefore, in this research, the result of geniposide was effective in vivo but not in vitro, which also complemented the mechanism that the primary target of the geniposide participating in the treatment of T2DM was not α-glucosidase.…”

Changes in metabolites in raw and wine processed Corni Fructus combination metabolomics with network analysis focusing on potential hypoglycemic effects

“…During wine processing, the C-7 position in the iridoids chemical structure could be readily cleaved, the C-4 position could be easily substituted with hydroxyl groups, and the formation of glycosides by the disaccharide group becomes favorable under high temperatures and enzymatic action. Previous studies have reported that iridoids have the potential to enhance insulin resistance and ameliorate lipid metabolism disorders in vivo ( Wang et al, 2020a ; Gao and Feng 2022 ). Additionally, they exhibited blood glucose-lowering effects and effectiveness in combating diabetic complications ( Kong et al, 2021 ).…”