The Beneficial Effects of Cognitive Walking Program on Improving Cognitive Function and Physical Fitness in Older Adults

Kang, Suh-Jung; Kim, Byung–Hoon; Lee, Hyo; Wang, Jinsung

doi:10.3390/healthcare9040419

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Ageism is an age-based stereotype, prejudice, and discrimination against the elderly, and previous studies have shown a strong association between ageism and the physical and psychological health risks of the elderly [ 19 , 20 , 21 ]. The speed of aging varies greatly among individuals, and the differences between individuals tend to increase with age [ 22 , 23 ]. In addition, physical, mental, and social consequences of aging vary from person to person [ 24 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recognition of Anemia in Elderly People in a Rural Community Hospital

Amano

Ohta²,

Sano

2021

IJERPH

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Anemia in the elderly is a common disease associated with increased mortality and hospitalization rates. It is not clear how adequately elderly patients are assessed and treated in actual clinical practice. This study clarifies the frequency of anemia recognition before assessment and the factors related to recognition among older people in a rural community hospital. This cross-sectional study evaluated 156 elderly patients aged > 65 years. Data on several different variables were collected from patient medical records. Anemia was defined as a hemoglobin level < 11 g/dL. Patients were classified into “anemia recognition” and “no anemia recognition” groups. Statistical analysis of the data included multivariable logistic regression to examine the association between anemia recognition and other factors. The anemia recognition group comprised 63 (40.4%) patients. Age was significantly associated with the recognition of anemia (adjusted odds ratio = 0.70, 95% confidence interval: 0.53–0.92, p = 0.011). Appropriate medical care should be provided to the elderly; however, it may be limited according to age.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recognition of Anemia in Elderly People in a Rural Community Hospital

Amano

Ohta²,

Sano

2021

IJERPH

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“…Though not beneficial for improving motor function of the brain, the CWP has been shown to improve cognitive function in healthy older adults. Kang et al (2021) investigated the effects of the CWP on cognitive function in both active and sedentary older adults using the same exercise protocol (60 min per session, 3 times a week, for 6 months; cognitive function measured at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months after program onset). Cognitive function was evaluated using the Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery (SNSB-II) ( Lee et al, 2018 ) by certified clinical psychologists who had at least 3 years of experience with administering the SNSB-II.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is also related to improved cognitive and executive function ( Prohaska et al, 2009 ; Weuve et al, 2004 ; Yogev-Seligmann et al, 2008 ). Given that, Kang et al (2021) recently developed an exercise program called the cognitive walking program (CWP), which was designed to improve cognitive function of the elderly by stimulating their memory, attention, visual perception and walking ability while performing various stepping patterns that require specific motions of the upper and lower extremities. The effect of the CWP on improving cognitive function in healthy older adults has been demonstrated in a recent study by Kang et al (2021) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given that, Kang et al (2021) recently developed an exercise program called the cognitive walking program (CWP), which was designed to improve cognitive function of the elderly by stimulating their memory, attention, visual perception and walking ability while performing various stepping patterns that require specific motions of the upper and lower extremities. The effect of the CWP on improving cognitive function in healthy older adults has been demonstrated in a recent study by Kang et al (2021) . However, it remains unknown whether the CWP is also beneficial for improving motor function of the brain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lack of changes in motor function of the brain in healthy older adults after participation in a cognitive walking program

Wang¹,

Kim²,

Kang³

2022

J Exerc Rehabil

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A walking-based exercise program, called the cognitive walking pro-gram (CWP), has been shown to be beneficial for improving cognitive function in healthy older adults. It remains unknown whether it is bene-ficial for improving motor function of the brain. We investigated the ef-fects of CWP on motor function of the brain by examining changes in interlimb transfer of visuomotor adaptation in older adults. Subjects were divided based on their physical activity level (active vs. sedentary) and participated in CWP. A control group performed normal walking. Fifty-two healthy older adults, 67–78 years old, were studied. All sub-jects participated in CWP or normal walking for 6 months. To assess brain motor function, all subjects adapted to a rotated visual display during reaching movements with the right arm first, then with the left arm. Interlimb transfer of visuomotor adaptation was assessed at base-line, 3 months, and 6 months after training onset. It was hypothesized that if CWP had beneficial effects, the extent of transfer would change over time. The subject’s physical fitness was also assessed. Significant transfer from the right to the left arm occurred in all subject groups. Im-provements in physical fitness were also observed. However, the extent of transfer did not change even after 6 months, with no group differ-ence. Findings suggest that though beneficial for improving cognitive function in older adults, participating in CWP for 6 months is not long enough to improve brain motor function when the motor function is re-flected as changes in interlimb transfer of visuomotor adaptation.

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“…Exercise and cognitive training can improve brain-related health in older adults [ 19 ]. Tai chi is a Chinese intangible cultural heritage that improves physical and mental health and is as easy to learn, safe, convenient, and popular as walking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Tai Chi and Walking Exercise on Emotional Face Recognition in Elderly People: An ERP Study

et al. 2022

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Both tai chi and walking can improve the physical health of the elderly, but the effect on the emotional cognitive function of the elderly is unclear. To investigate the effect of long-term walking and tai chi exercise on the emotional cognitive function of the elderly, 63 subjects were recruited in this study according to age and exercise habits, including 16 in the youth control group, 15 in the elderly non-exercise control group, 17 in the elderly walking group, and 18 in the elderly tai chi group. The “learning–test paradigm” of emotional faces was used to measure the subjects’ ability to recognize and remember emotional (negative and neutral) faces. Behavioral and EEG data were recorded during the learning and testing phases. The results showed that there is aging in emotional cognition in older adults compared with younger adults. Long-term walking and tai chi exercise can delay the deterioration of emotional cognitive function in older adults to some extent. Both walking and tai chi exercise can delay the decline in aging-related emotional face recognition function to some extent. Walking exercise can delay the decline in aging-related emotional face memory function to some extent.

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The Beneficial Effects of Cognitive Walking Program on Improving Cognitive Function and Physical Fitness in Older Adults

Cited by 6 publications

References 44 publications

Recognition of Anemia in Elderly People in a Rural Community Hospital

Recognition of Anemia in Elderly People in a Rural Community Hospital

Lack of changes in motor function of the brain in healthy older adults after participation in a cognitive walking program

Effects of Tai Chi and Walking Exercise on Emotional Face Recognition in Elderly People: An ERP Study

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