The beneficial effects of a multistrain potential probiotic, formic, and lactic acids with different vaccination regimens on broiler chickens challenged with multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli and Salmonella

Abstract

The effects of a multistrain potential probiotic (Protexin®), acids, and a bacterin from multidrug-resistant E. coli O26, O78, S. Enteritidis (1,9,12 g.m1,7), and S. Typhimurium (1,4,5,12.i.1,2) on the immune response, haematological parameters, cytokines, and growth parameters of broiler chickens challenged with bacterin live serotypes were investigated. Two experiments were designed using 300 one-day-old chicks (Arbor Acres) randomly assigned to 15 groups. The first experiment comprised 9 groups, including positive and negative control groups and other groups received Protexin®, acids, and the bacterin (0.2 ml/SC), either alone or in combination, on the 1st day. The second experiment contained 6 groups, including positive and negative control groups and other groups received a combination of Protexin®, acids, and the bacterin (0.5 ml/SC) on the 8th day. All the groups except the negative control groups were challenged on the 8th and 16th days in both experiments, respectively, with mixed live bacterin serotypes. The groups that received Protexin®, acids, and the bacterin either alone or in combination revealed significant improvements in the immune response to the bacterin (p ≤ 0.05). The groups in the 1st experiment and most the 2nd experiment groups showed a reduced mortality rate and decreased levels IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-12 cytokines (p ≤ 0.05). Moreover, these groups demonstrated increases in haematological parameters and reduced rates of infection-caused anaemia. These groups showed significant increases in growth performance parameters, such as body weight, weight gain, and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p ≤ 0.05). There was a beneficial effect on 1-day-old chickens produced by combining Protexin®, acids, and the bacterin (0.2 ml/SC).

Chlorogenic acid improves growth performance and intestinal health through autophagy-mediated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 pathway in oxidatively stressed broilers induced by dexamethasone

“…The intestinal morphology is an important indicator of intestinal health, such as intestinal barrier integrity, nutrient digestion, and the absorption capacity of the small intestine ( Sabry Abd Elraheam Elsayed et al, 2021 ). In the present study, our results showed that the DEX challenge significantly damaged the intestinal morphology in the ileum of broilers, which was consistent with the results reported by previous studies ( De Grande et al, 2020 ; Berenjian et al, 2021 ).…”

Escherichia coli (E. coli) Resistance against Last Resort Antibiotics and Novel Approaches to Combat Antibiotic Resistance

“…One of the most common examples of probiotics is Protexin which is a commercially available multistrain potential probiotic [84]. The Protexin contained bacteria that showed antimicrobial activity against Salmonella Typhimurium LT2, E. coli NCFB 1989, Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 8532, E. faecalis NCTC 775, and Clostridium difficile ATCC 43,594 [85].…”

Effects of a Dietary Multi-Strain Probiotic and Vaccination with a Live Anticoccidial Vaccine on Growth Performance and Haematological, Biochemical and Redox Status Indicators of Broiler Chickens

“…Protexin ® (Probiotics International Ltd., Lopen Head, Somerset, UK) is a multi-strain probiotic preparation containing seven bacterial and two yeast strains. This bacterial and fungal combination preparation has been proven to enhance the immune response to Newcastle disease virus, lower the counts of caecal Escherichia coli [ 23 ], improve growth performance, and lower the levels of proinflammatory cytokines in broilers challenged with multiple bacterial species including avian pathogenic E. coli , Salmonella enteritidis , and Salmonella typhimurium [ 24 ]. However, this specific preparation has not been evaluated in chickens exposed to Eimeria oocysts.…”