The Beneficial Effect of Sleep in an Extended Jenkins and Dallenbach Paradigm

Benson, Kate; Feinberg, I.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1977.tb02967.x

Cited by 66 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…There is some evidence to suggest that a small interval between learning and sleep may also be particularly beneficial for declarative memory consolidation in adults (31,32). The timing of sleep after learning might thus be an issue important throughout the lifespan.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Timely sleep facilitates declarative memory consolidation in infants

Seehagen

Konrad

Herbert

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

139

109

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Human infants devote the majority of their time to sleeping. However, very little is known about the role of sleep in early memory processing. Here we test 6-and 12-mo-old infants' declarative memory for novel actions after a 4-h [Experiment (Exp.) 1] and 24-h delay (Exp. 2). Infants in a nap condition took an extended nap (≥30 min) within 4 h after learning, whereas infants in a no-nap condition did not. A comparison with age-matched control groups revealed that after both delays, only infants who had napped after learning remembered the target actions at the test. Additionally, after the 24-h delay, memory performance of infants in the nap condition was significantly higher than that of infants in the nonap condition. This is the first experimental evidence to our knowledge for an enhancing role of sleep in the consolidation of declarative memories in the first year of life.sleep-dependent memory | infant development | daytime naps | deferred imitation

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Timely sleep facilitates declarative memory consolidation in infants

Seehagen

Konrad

Herbert

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

139

109

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In fact, one prominent theory of forgetting has argued that encoding of information during waking interferes with newly formed memory, and sleep benefits memory by providing a period of time when memory is safe from retroactive interference (Wixted, 2004). Consistent with this possibility, several studies have shown that when participants learn declarative information in the morning and remain awake for a full day prior to sleep, they show more forgetting at a 24-h test than participants who are trained in the evening and go to sleep a few hours after training (Benson & Feinberg, 1977;Gais et al, 2006;Nesca & Koulack, 1994;Payne, Tucker, Ellenbogen, Wamsley, Walker, Schacter & Stickgold, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

What drives sleep-dependent memory consolidation: Greater gain or less loss?

Fenn

Hambrick

2012

Psychon Bull Rev

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When memory is tested after a delay, performance is typically better if the retention interval includes sleep. However, it is unclear what accounts for this wellestablished effect. It is possible that sleep enhances the retrieval of information, but it is also possible that sleep protects against memory loss that normally occurs during waking activity. We developed a new research approach to investigate these possibilities. Participants learned a list of paired-associate items and were tested on the items after a 12-h interval that included waking or sleep. We analyzed the number of items gained versus the number of items lost across time. The sleep condition showed more items gained and fewer items lost than did the wake condition. Furthermore, the difference between the conditions (favoring sleep) in lost items was greater than the difference in gain, suggesting that loss prevention may primarily account for the effect of sleep on declarative memory consolidation. This finding may serve as an empirical constraint on theories of memory consolidation.

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“…Here, both 24-h conditions and both 36-h conditions have identical amounts of waking-associated interference. The amount of interference per se thus cannot be the cause of the observed effects (Benson and Feinberg 1977). It is, however, possible that memories can be consolidated best during a limited period after encoding, which is free of interference.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most older studies used nonsense syllables (Benson and Feinberg 1975); later studies used mainly paired-associate word lists (Plihal and Born 1997). The advantage of using vocabulary is that this represents a common everyday memory task.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep after learning aids memory recall

Gais¹,

Lucas²,

Born³

2006

Learn. Mem.

376

258

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In recent years, the effect of sleep on memory consolidation has received considerable attention. In humans, these studies concentrated mainly on procedural types of memory, which are considered to be hippocampus-independent. Here, we show that sleep also has a persisting effect on hippocampus-dependent declarative memory. In two experiments, we examined high school students' ability to remember vocabulary. We show that declarative memory is enhanced when sleep follows within a few hours of learning, independent of time of day, and with equal amounts of interference during retention intervals. Sleep deprivation has a detrimental effect on memory, which was significant after a night of recovery sleep. Thus, fatigue accumulating during wake intervals could be ruled out as a confound.In recent years, the effect of sleep on the consolidation of nondeclarative, i.e., motor and visual-procedural, memories has received considerable attention (Maquet et al. 2000;Stickgold et al. 2000). Most recent studies on sleep-associated memory consolidation have focused on non-declarative types of tasks, such as motor sequence learning and perceptual learning (Gais et al. 2000;Walker et al. 2003). However, the first reports of enhanced memory consolidation during sleep came from studies investigating declarative memory for verbal material. Jenkins and Dallenbach (1924) found less forgetting of nonsense syllables after sleep periods than after wakefulness. Fowler et al. (1973) found higher retention of paired-associate words when subjects slept during the first half of the night than when they were awake during daytime. A more recent study confirmed this finding, controlling for circadian rhythm by testing subjects that slept or stayed awake during the first or second half of the night (Plihal and Born 1997). Despite the evidence coming from these studies, several recent reviews came to the conclusion that there is no influence of sleep on declarative memory consolidation or, at least, that such effects are doubtful (Siegel 2001;Smith 2001;Vertes 2004). Several points are raised by these authors. A major criticism of previous studies is that none could show convincingly that lack of sleep has an enduring effect on memory consolidation that persists when retrieval testing is delayed until subjects had recovery sleep to make up for any acute effects of sleep deprivation. Because most recent studies tested memory retention directly after sleep deprivation, i.e., when subjects were under acute fatigue, diminished recall after wakefulness may merely reflect impaired retrieval rather than an enduring effect on memory consolidation (Idzikowski 1984;Plihal and Born 1997). In addition, many of the older studies are confounded with circadian factors, in that they have subjects learn and recall at different times of day for sleep and wake conditions. There are hints that acquisition and retrieval of declarative memories are subject to circadian influences (e.g., Tilley and Warren 1983). Together, previous studies were not able to prove that sl...

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The Beneficial Effect of Sleep in an Extended Jenkins and Dallenbach Paradigm

Cited by 66 publications

References 21 publications

Timely sleep facilitates declarative memory consolidation in infants

Timely sleep facilitates declarative memory consolidation in infants

What drives sleep-dependent memory consolidation: Greater gain or less loss?

Sleep after learning aids memory recall

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