The Behavioural Flexibility of Salmon Growth

Forseth, Torbjørn; Letcher, Benjamin H.; Johansen, Mette Dencker

doi:10.1002/9781444327755.ch6

Cited by 20 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 158 publications

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“…Although the present experiment does not test for among-population variation in incubation temperature-induced growth plasticity, one can speculate that local adaptations may arise as a response to differences in the seasonal temperature regime. Such a potential mechanism may further explain contrasting findings of countergradient variation or local thermal adaptation in growth from common environment experiments (Forseth et al 2010, Jonsson & Jonsson 2011. Typically, such experiments rear embryos whose parental generations originated from cold and warm natal environments at the same temperature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ω effectively eliminates the effects on growth rates of differences in initial body sizes (Sigourney et al 2008, Forseth et al 2010, and there was no effect of individual mass at the start of the growth experiment on standardized growth rates (F 1, 459 = 1.81, p = 0.178). Within each incubation treatment temperature, we fitted the predicted curve for temperature scaling of mass standardized growth as:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of incubation temperature on growth performance in Atlantic salmon

Finstad¹,

Jönsson²

2012

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Interspecific variations in thermal growth performance of ectotherms have received considerable recent interest fueled by the focus on ecological climate change effects. Amongpopulation variations in growth are commonly observed in field studies. However, the role of pheno typic plasticity in shaping this variation is largely unexplored in teleost fishes. Here, we tested for the effect of incubation temperature on thermal scaling of growth and maximum growth performance of the anadromous salmonid Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. Salmon eggs were incubated and reared until the onset of exogenous feeding at either heated or natural temperatures or transferred from natural to heated temperatures at the time of hatching, creating 3 different embryonic temperature treatments (heated, natural or mixed). We subsequently tested for juvenile growth performance of these groups at 8 temperatures ranging from 6 to 24°C. Maximum growth was significantly higher in the heated than the natural and mixed incubation temperature groups, but we did not observe differences in the thermal scaling of growth performance. Neither the upper nor lower thermal limit for growth nor the optimal growth temperature differed be tween the 3 incubation temperature treatments. However, thermal conditions experienced by in cubating embryos affected later growth performance. Although similar results have been observed previously among reptiles, this is to our knowledge the first empirical support for this hypothesis among teleost fishes. Phenotypic plasticity in growth performance can likely explain many of the contrasting findings from previous research on countergradient growth effects in teleost fishes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of incubation temperature on growth performance in Atlantic salmon

Finstad¹,

Jönsson²

2012

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…Hereafter, this variable is termed normal July temperature. A large proportion of the annual growth of salmonids in temperate regions is typically obtained during a short spring or early summer period (Forseth et al, 2011), and July is a compromise representation of this important growth period across the latitudinal gradient in the present study. Air temperatures have been shown to be a reliable proxy for water temperatures in temperate zone lakes (Karlsson et al, 2005;Saloranta & Andersen, 2007).…”

Section: Distribution Analysesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Competitive exclusion along climate gradients: energy efficiency influences the distribution of two salmonid fishes

Finstad¹,

Forseth²,

Jönsson³

et al. 2010

Global Change Biology

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103

108

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We tested the importance of thermal adaptations and energy efficiency in relation to the geographical distribution of two competing freshwater salmonid fish species. Presence-absence data for Arctic char and brown trout were obtained from 1502 Norwegian lakes embracing both temperature and productivity gradients. The distributions were contrasted with laboratory-derived temperature scaling models for food consumption, growth and energy efficiency. Thermal performances of the two species were almost identical. However, Arctic char exhibited double the growth efficiency (per unit of food) and appear to have out-competed brown trout from cold, low-productivity lakes, perhaps by scramble competition. Brown trout, for which previous reports have shown to be aggressive and dominant, have likely excluded the more energy-efficient Arctic char from relatively warm, productive lakes, perhaps by contest competition. Competitive interaction changing in outcome with lake productivity, rather than thermal performance, is likely a major determinant of the range distribution of the two species. Our study highlights the need for more focus on choice of relevant ecophysiological traits in ecological climate impact studies and species distribution modelling.

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“…Species Life-stage Section of scale used Study theme Hutchinson and Trueman (2006) Klemetsen et al, 2003;Peyronnet et al, 2007;Forseth et al, 2011;Jonsson and Jonsson, 2011). The post-smolt period is particularly important, as it has been hypothesised that the interaction of salmon growth and ocean climate during the early post-smolt stage is primarily responsible for determining recruitment success (Friedland et al, , 2005(Friedland et al, , 2006(Friedland et al, , 2009.…”

Section: Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%