The behaviour of so-called immobile elements in hydrothermally altered rocks associated with volcanogenic submarine-exhalative ore deposits

Finlow-Bates, T.; Stumpfl, E. F.

doi:10.1007/bf00202743

Cited by 132 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…As a natural example, high-field-strength elements (HFSE) Zr, Y, REE, and Nb are enriched by F-rich, Ca-free hydrothermal fluids in the Strange Lake pluton in Canada WilliamsJones 1996, 2006). Because HFSE have high charge-to-ionicradius ratios, they are generally incompatible during magmatic fractionation (Finlowbates and Stumpfl 1981). However, both field and experimental evidence indicate that these elements are mobile in some cases and can be concentrated at high degrees of fractional crystallization from evolved granitic and pegmatitic melts, where their concentrations commonly increase with the saturation of zircon and Nb-Ta-bearing oxides (e.g., Jiang et al 2005;Salvi and Williams-Jones 2006;Van Lichtervelde et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemistry of magmatic and hydrothermal zircon from the highly evolved Baerzhe alkaline granite: implications for Zr–REE–Nb mineralization

et al. 2013

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The Baerzhe alkaline granite pluton hosts one of the largest rare metal (Zr, rare earth elements, and Nb) deposits in Asia. It contains a geological resource of about 100 Mt at 1.84 % ZrO 2 , 0.30 % Ce 2 O 3 , and 0.26 % Nb 2 O 5 . Zirconium, rare earth elements (REE), and Nb are primarily hosted by zircon, yttroceberysite, fergusonite, ferrocolumbite, and pyrochlore. Three types of zircon can be identified in the deposit: magmatic, metamict, and hydrothermal. Primary magmatic zircon grains occur in the barren hypersolvus granite and are commonly prismatic, with oscillatory zones and abundant melt and mineral inclusions. The occurrence of aegirine and fluorite in the recrystallized melt inclusions hosted in the magmatic zircon indicates that the parental magma of the Baerzhe pluton is alkali-and F-rich. Metamict zircon grains occur in the mineralized subsolvus granite and are commonly prismatic and murky with cracks, pores, and mineral inclusions. They commonly show dissolution textures, indicating a magmatic origin with later metamictization due to deuteric hydrothermal alteration. Hydrothermal zircon grains occur in mineralized subsolvus granite and are dipyramidal with quartz inclusions, with murky CL images. They have 608 to 2,502 ppm light REE and 787 to 2,521 ppm Nb, much higher than magmatic zircon. The texture and composition of the three types of zircon indicate that they experienced remobilization and recrystallization during the transition from a magmatic to a hydrothermal system. Large amounts of Zr, REE, and Nb were enriched and precipitated during the transitional period to form the giant low-grade Baerzhe Zr-REE-Nb deposit.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemistry of magmatic and hydrothermal zircon from the highly evolved Baerzhe alkaline granite: implications for Zr–REE–Nb mineralization

et al. 2013

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“…These fluids then alter other rocks, changing their mineralogy and chemical composition (Nicholson 1993;Verma et al 2005;Pandarinath et al 2008). Complex zoned alteration patterns have been well documented from a large number of important hydrothermal ore deposit types, including submarine-volcanogenic massive sulphide (Finlow-Bates and Stumpfl 1981;MacLean and Kranidiotis 1987), mesothermal Au (Kerrich and Fyfe 1981;Neall and Phillips 1987;Böhlke 1989;Piantone et al 1994), porphyry copper (Lowell and Guilbert 1970;Hedenquist and Richards 1998), and epithermal Au-(Ag) deposits (Arribas 1995;Hedenquist and Arribas 1999). The geochemical expressions of mineral deposits and mine wastes in the environment ultimately derive from the interaction of rock (mineral), water, and biota.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of Alteration Zones on Water Quality: A Case Study from Biga Peninsula, Turkey

Baba

Gündüz

2009

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

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Widespread and intense zones of silicified, propylitic, and argillic alteration can be found in the Ç an volcanics of Biga Peninsula, northwest Turkey. Most of the springs in the study area surface out from the boundary between fractured aquifer (silicified zone) and impervious boundary (argillic zone). This study focuses on two such springs in Kirazlı area (Kirazlı and Balaban springs) with a distinct quality pattern. Accordingly, field parameters (temperature, pH, and electrical conductivity), major anion and cation (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, bicarbonate, and sulfate), heavy metals (aluminum, arsenic, barium, chromium, cobalt, cupper, iron, lithium, manganese, nickel, lead, and zinc), and isotopes (oxygen-18, deuterium, and tritium) were determined in water samples taken from these springs during 2005 through 2007. The chemical analyses showed that aluminum concentrations were found to be two orders of magnitude greater in Kirazlı waters (mean value 13813.25 lg/L). The levels of this element exceeded the maximum allowable limits given in national and international standards for drinking-water quality. In addition, Balaban and Kirazlı springs are [55 years old according to their tritium levels; Kirazlı spring is older than Balaban spring. Kirazlı spring is also more enriched than Balaban spring based in oxygen-18 and deuterium values. Furthermore, Kirazlı spring water has been in contact with altered rocks longer than Balaban spring water, according to its relatively high chloride and electrical conductivity values.Water-rock interaction is an important topic influencing the water quality as well as human health. Particularly in altered systems, these interactions are more important for local inhabitants using water for drinking purposes because the water in such systems might contain increased levels of certain elements that are potentially detrimental to human health. Thus, these interactions should be assessed carefully in areas of complex geology where rocks formed as a result of hydrothermal system are predominant.Hydrothermal fluids carry metals in solution, coming either from a nearby igneous source, from leaching of subsurface rocks, or both (Henley et al. 1984). These fluids then alter other rocks, changing their mineralogy and chemical composition (Nicholson 1993;Verma et al. 2005;Pandarinath et al. 2008). Complex zoned alteration patterns have been well documented from a large number of important hydrothermal ore deposit types, including submarine-volcanogenic massive sulphide (Finlow-Bates and

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“…According to Finlow-Bates and Stumpfl (1981) (Pearce et al, 1992;Reagan et al, 2010). However, chondrite-normalized patterns of LREE-depleted boninites show indisputable similarity to basalts described as transitional (from fore arc basalts, FAB, to boninites) in the IBM fore-arc basin by Reagan et al (2010).…”

Section: Mafic Assemblagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineralogy, geochemistry and sulfur isotope characterization of Cerro de Maimón (Dominican Republic), San Fernando and Antonio (Cuba) lower Cretaceous VMS deposits: Formation during subduction initiation of the proto-Caribbean lithosphere within a fore-arc

Torró

Proenza

Melgarejo

et al. 2016

Ore Geology Reviews

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The behaviour of so-called immobile elements in hydrothermally altered rocks associated with volcanogenic submarine-exhalative ore deposits

Cited by 132 publications

References 5 publications

Geochemistry of magmatic and hydrothermal zircon from the highly evolved Baerzhe alkaline granite: implications for Zr–REE–Nb mineralization

Geochemistry of magmatic and hydrothermal zircon from the highly evolved Baerzhe alkaline granite: implications for Zr–REE–Nb mineralization

Effect of Alteration Zones on Water Quality: A Case Study from Biga Peninsula, Turkey

Mineralogy, geochemistry and sulfur isotope characterization of Cerro de Maimón (Dominican Republic), San Fernando and Antonio (Cuba) lower Cretaceous VMS deposits: Formation during subduction initiation of the proto-Caribbean lithosphere within a fore-arc

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