The behaviour of selected heavy metals in MSW incineration electrostatic precipitator ash during roasting with chlorination agents

Heavy metal vaporization and abatement during thermal treatment of modified wastes

“…Chan et al [25] have reported vaporization equilibration times of less than 30 min for the three heavy metals concerned. The variations in vaporization percentage and equilibrium time between our experiments and the literature cited can be attributed to the differences in experimental conditions used (device and sampling system).…”

Detoxification of ashes from a fluidized bed waste incinerator

“…Among metal chlorides, Nowak et al (2012) reported that CaCl 2 and MgCl 2 were more effective than NaCl in the removal of heavy metals. Chan et al (1996) found that heavy metal removal was dependent on time and temperature and CaCl 2 , MgCl 2 and FeCl 2 were more effective than NaCl and AlCl 3 . Li et al (2015) also pointed that MgCl 2 was the most effective agent for most heavy metals.…”

“…At relatively moderate temperature, thermal treatment in combination with chlorination is a promising way to remove heavy metals (Fraissler et al, 2009). Many researchers studied the heavy metal removal from fly ash by thermal treatment method (Jakob et al, 1995;Chan et al, 1996;Jakob et al, 1996;Nowak et al, 2010;Nowak et al, 2012;Nowak et al, 2013). Heavy metal removal was found to increase with the increase of treatment temperature (Jakob et al, 1996) and favored by solid chlorides (Nowak et al, 2010;Nowak et al, 2012).…”

Detoxification effect of chlorination procedure on waste lead glass

“…Chlorination is a general method widely used in the extracting of metals from their ores and industrial wastes [17]. The chlorination volatilization of fly ash has been investigated by previous reports [18][19][20][21]. However, metals in fly ash are not in an amorphous structure with SiO 2 as in CRT glass.…”