The behaviour of lead dioxide electrodes in acidic sulfate electrolytes

Abstract

The variation of discharge capacity during charge-discharge cycling of a PbO, electrode, prepared by pressing PbO, powder onto a smooth lead disc, in sulfuric acid and acidic ammonium sulfate solutions of various concentrations was investigated by the potentiodynamic technique. The discharge capacity was found to increase with cycle number in 0.05-4.3 rnol dm-3 H2S04; this was explained in terms of the increase in porosity of the electrode with cycling. The rate of increase was highest in a 1 rnol dmM3 solution. The presence of ammonium sulfate decreased the discharge capacity at all concentrations of sulfuric acid except for the 1 rnol dm-3 solution where it caused a small increase in capacity. The morphology of the electrode was studied by scanning electron microscopy and the results are correlated with the discharge capacity.These results indicated that a solution of composition 0.5 rnol dm-3 ammonium sulfate and 1 .O rnol dm-3 sulfuric acid will produce a greater utilization of positive plate active material (PbO,) during discharge. This result, taken together with the results of earlier studies on lead in acidic sulfate electrolytes, points to the possibility of a Pb/H,SO,, (NH,),SO,/PbO, battery for electricvehicle propulsion.

Chemical and electrochemical deposition of conducting polyaniline on lead

“…In addition many experiments were carried out in different concentration of H 2 SO 4 (5, 1 and 0.5 M) which are in agreement with previous reports [24,25]. These results could be summarized as follows:…”

“…Electrochemical behavior of lead in alkaline and acidic condition has been widely studied because of its high application [24][25][26]. Three potential regions according to the crystal structure and the chemical composition of the anodic layer in H 2 SO 4 can be recognized [27,28]: There is an anodic peak that corresponds to the oxidation of Pb to PbSO 4 .…”

The Electrochemical Activity of PbO2 : A Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study of Hydrogen in Battery and Chemically Prepared Material

“…These and other studies have suggested mechanisms for the incorporation of hydrogen either into the crystal structure of PbO2 itself (7,8,14,(19)(20)(21), or onto the surfaces of the PbO2 particles (9, i0, Ii, 14,22), and for the possible role of hydrogen atoms in the battery charge/discharge processes (23)(24)(25). Furthermore, recent studies (15,(26)(27)(28)(29) have corroborated earlier, largely ignored, work (30) that suggested that chemical PbO~ may not be electrochemically inactive after all. Furthermore, recent studies (15,(26)(27)(28)(29) have corroborated earlier, largely ignored, work (30) that suggested that chemical PbO~ may not be electrochemically inactive after all.…”

Electrochemical characteristics of rechargeable polyaniline/lead dioxide cell

“…In the present study we have used the novel electrolyte consisted of 1.1 M sulfuric acid and 0.5 M ammonium sulfate which has good buffer capacity and benefits to PbO 2 electrode [8].…”