The behaviour of a conductivity probe in electrolytic liquid/solid suspensions

Abstract

A conductivity probe having one electrode with a small surface (the sensing electrode) can be used for the measurement of the instantaneous local concentration during liquid mixing in an electrolytic solution. The presence of solid particles in the mixing field causes fluctuations of the electrolyte concentration signal, contaminating in this way the concentration measurement. The influences of the volume fraction and size of the solid particles on the electrolyte-concentration signal are investigated. The data indicate how to estimate the effect of the presence of particles in the specification of the electrolyte concentration. Furthermore, a method which allows the measurement of the mean electrolyte concentration at high solids volume fractions in electrolytic liquid/solid suspensions is proposed.

A new method for real‐time quantification of irrigant extrusion during root canal irrigation ex vivo

“…, Kastrinakis & Nychas , Voloudakis et al . , Moisidis & Kastrinakis ). This method is able to provide reliable and reproducible measurements at high temporal and spatial resolution (Voloudakis et al .…”

“…A point‐conductivity probe (Voloudakis et al . , Moisidis & Kastrinakis ) was used to assess the volume of extruded irrigant in real time by determining electrolyte concentration in the vial. Briefly, the probe consisted of two concentric electrodes separated by epoxy resin, namely the sensing point‐electrode and the outer electrode, with an extended surface area.…”

The effect of flow rate and agitation technique on irrigant extrusion ex vivo

“…A point‐conductivity probe (Voloudakis et al . , Moisidis & Kastrinakis ) was used to assess the volume of extruded irrigant in real time by determining electrolyte concentration in the vial. Its principle of operation has been described in detail previously (Psimma et al .…”

A Miniature Electrolytic Conductivity Probe with a Wide Linear Range

“…Our approach specifically emphasized convenience in routine applications, thus a concentric ring-disk electrodes configuration with a flat sensing face was tested, as it would lead to a simple, rugged, and easy to handle structure for the probe. Conductivity probes of concentric ring-disk electrodes were previously reported by Neelakantaswamy [30] and by Voludakis et al [31]. In both reports, however, the central disk electrodes were protruded form the outer ring electrode, which leads to enlarged cell volumes.…”