The Behavioral Health of American Indian/Alaska Native Populations: Risk and Resiliency

Baldwin, Julie A.; Eaves, Emery R.; Brown, Betty G.; Elwell, Kristan; Williamson, Heather J.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-18435-3_10

Cited by 6 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 117 publications

(149 reference statements)

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“…Our results are consistent with recent research indicating higher levels of pre-existing health risks and financial insecurity among racial/ethnic minority groups are associated with increased internalizing disorders during the pandemic (Baldwin et al, 2020;Chen, 2019;Longmire-Avital, 2018;McKnight-Eily et al, 2021), and also demonstrates that prescription insecurity is contributing to mental health risk beginning at the first large scale wave of the virus in 2020. Prior studies have found employment to be a protective factor against mental health problems (McGee & Thompson, 2015;Paul & Moser, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…During the COVID-19 pandemic, depression and anxiety among AIAN, Asian, Black, and Latinx people have also increased (Baldwin et al, 2020;Chen, 2019;McKnight-Eily et al, 2021). Although prepandemic prevalence rates of major depression and generalized anxiety among these groups were often reported to be similar to or lower than non-Hispanic Whites, these findings have been attributed to the fact that people of color in the U.S. seek mental health clinical care at rates well below their need, face discrimination during diagnosis and treatment, suffer from misdiagnosis and clinician bias, and within their communities mental health may be shrouded by silence and shame (Baldwin et al, 2020;Harkness et al, 2020;Mental Heath America, 2021;Novacek et al, 2020;Vilsaint et al, 2019). Further, although prior research has repeatedly reported on the protective effect of employment on mental health (McGee & Thompson, 2015;Paul & Moser, 2009), during the pandemic, employed individuals, especially those whose work involves in-person contact, are experiencing higher levels of depression and anxiety (McKnight-Eily et al, 2021;Mehdi et al, 2020).…”

Section: Social Determinants Of Mental Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…People of color also suffer higher mental health risks compared to non-Hispanic whites (5, 18, 19). The National Center for Health Statistics (20) reported that Indigenous populations are 50% more likely to report hopelessness, worthlessness, and feelings of nervousness or restlessness compared to non-Hispanic Whites and 80% more likely to report frequent sadness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of Coronavirus Victimization Distress and Coronavirus Racial Bias on Mental Health Among AIAN, Asian, Black, and Latinx Young Adults

Fisher

Tao

Yip

2020

Preprint

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Background. People of color in the U.S. have been disproportionately impacted by the COVID 19 pandemic in terms of rates of infection and morbidity. Explanations for these disparities include over-representation as essential workers and long-standing inequities in access to health services. Prior to the pandemic, racial discrimination has been associated with depression and general anxiety. However, the effect of discrimination and racial bias specific to the Coronavirus on mental health has not been examined. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of Coronavirus victimization distress and Coronavirus racial bias beliefs on the mental health of young adult people of color. Method. An online survey administered to a national sample of 350 Black, Indigenous and Latinx adults (18 to 25 years) included Coronavirus health risks, prescription and financial security, measure of depression and anxiety and 2 new psychometrically validated measures for Coronavirus related victimization distress and racial bias. Results. Employment, number of Coronavirus health risks, Coronavirus victimization distress and Coronavirus racial bias were positively correlated with each other and with depression and anxiety. By contrast, household income and perceived financial and prescription security were negatively correlated with Coronavirus victimization, Coronavirus racial bias and with the mental health indices. Structural equation modeling controlling for demographic variables indicated perceived Coronavirus racial bias mediated the effect of Coronavirus victimization distress on both mental health measures across all groups. Conclusions. Results suggest the COVID-19 pandemic has created new pathways to mental health disparities among young adults of color by reversing formerly protective factors such as employment, and by exacerbating structural and societal inequities linked to race. Findings highlight the necessity of creating mental health services tailored to the specific needs of racial/ethnic minorities during the current and future health crises.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Social Determinants Of Mental Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of Coronavirus Victimization Distress and Coronavirus Racial Bias on Mental Health Among AIAN, Asian, Black, and Latinx Young Adults

Fisher

Tao

Yip

2020

Preprint

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“…These disparities are rooted in long-standing racial inequities in medical and behavioral health treatment utilization, access to culturally relevant health services, treatment satisfaction and trust, and service outcomes (Ben et al, 2017; Chen et al, 2019; Manuel, 2018; Melillo, 2020). During the COVID-19 pandemic, depression and anxiety among AIAN, Asian, Black, and Latinx people have also increased (Baldwin et al, 2020; Chen et al, 2019; McKnight-Eily et al, 2021). Prepandemic prevalence rates of major depression and generalized anxiety among these groups have often been reported to be similar to or lower than non-Hispanic Whites.…”

Section: Racial Discrimination and Mental Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Coronavirus Victimization Distress Scale (CVDS) is a fiveitem scale adapted from the Daily Heterosexist Experiences Questionnaire (Balsam et al, 2013), lesbian, gay, bisexual, transsexual (LGBT) People of Color Microaggressions Scale (Balsam et al, 2011), and Adolescent Discrimination Distress Index (Fisher et al, 2000). The items assess distress in response to different instances of victimization, for example, "because someone thought I was infected with the Coronavirus" (see Table 3).…”

Section: Coronavirus Victimization Distress Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of COVID-19 victimization distress and racial bias on mental health among AIAN, Asian, Black, and Latinx young adults.

Fisher¹,

Tao²,

Yip³

2023

Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology

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Objective: U.S. young adult racial minorities have been disproportionately impacted by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in rates of infection and morbidity. Prepandemic racial discrimination has been associated with depression and general anxiety. However, the effect of coronavirus-specific forms of discrimination on mental health has not been examined. This study assessed the effect of social determinants of mental health and COVID-19-specific victimization and racial bias beliefs on depression and anxiety among young adults of color in the U.S. Method: A national online survey of 399 American Indian/Alaskan Natives, Asian, Black, and Latinx adults (18–25 years) included demographic variables, COVID-19-health risks, and standardized measures of depression, anxiety, coronavirus-related victimization distress and perceptions of coronavirus-related racial bias across a range of contexts. Results: Employment, financial and prescription insecurity, COVID-19-health risks, coronavirus-victimization distress and coronavirus racial bias beliefs were positively correlated with depression and anxiety. Scores on the Coronavirus Racial Bias Scale were significantly higher among Asian and Black respondents. Structural equation modeling controlling for race/ethnicity and demographic variables indicated coronavirus racial bias mediated the effect of coronavirus victimization distress on both mental health indices. Conclusion: Results suggest the COVID-19 pandemic has created new pathways to mental health disparities among young adults of color by reversing formerly protective factors such as employment, and by exacerbating structural and societal inequities linked to race. Findings highlight the necessity of creating mental health services tailored to the specific needs of racial minorities during the current and future health crises.

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Striving to Be Pono (Balanced, Equitable, and Hopeful): Conceptualizing an Indigenous Writing Process from a Native Hawaiian Cultural Perspective

Martin,

Merculief,

Young

et al. 2023

ADV RES SCI

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Community-based and culturally grounded research, led by Indigenous scholars, is critical for the prevention and intervention of health risks such as substance use and misuse in Indigenous communities. However, Indigenous scholars encounter numerous adversities to success in academia. This manuscript describes an Indigenous Writing Retreat (IWR) guided by Native Hawaiian worldview and ontology held in Hawaiʻi in Spring 2022 to empower eleven Indigenous scholars and four mentors through cultivating their Form (intellectual knowledge) and Essence (expression of true intention and authentic feeling). Intentions of this gathering were as follows: (1) Hoʻoulu a Hoʻomōhalahala ʻIke: inspire growth/develop knowledge and insight; (2) Hōʻola i ka Nohona Kanaka: give life to cultural identity and native intelligence; (3) Hoʻopono: cleanse and let go; and (4) Hoʻohana Pilina: relationship building with each other, land, and spirit. Intentions were achieved through six methods: (1) academic writing; (2) Indigenous Cultural Orientation and Protocol; (3) honor and pay respect for people and land; (4) cultural tools and ceremony; (5) create a “Safe Space”; and (6) community building. This story conveys the IWR impact on scholars, mentors, and community hosts, including kūpuna (Elders)/leaders/cultural practitioners via a survey, email exchanges, and “talk story” sessions with them. Four relational actions (recommendations) for future IWRs are presented using the acronym PONO: Preparation, Observation, Navigation, and Oneness. This IWR is offered as a gift to all Indigenous nations to inspire and guide relational exchanges and cultivate Indigenous leadership in substance use research, collective well-being, and resilience by centering Indigenous worldviews and methodologies.

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The Behavioral Health of American Indian/Alaska Native Populations: Risk and Resiliency

Cited by 6 publications

References 117 publications

The Effects of Coronavirus Victimization Distress and Coronavirus Racial Bias on Mental Health Among AIAN, Asian, Black, and Latinx Young Adults

The Effects of Coronavirus Victimization Distress and Coronavirus Racial Bias on Mental Health Among AIAN, Asian, Black, and Latinx Young Adults

The effects of COVID-19 victimization distress and racial bias on mental health among AIAN, Asian, Black, and Latinx young adults.

Striving to Be Pono (Balanced, Equitable, and Hopeful): Conceptualizing an Indigenous Writing Process from a Native Hawaiian Cultural Perspective

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