The beginning of the end for chimpanzee experiments?

Knight, Andrew

doi:10.1186/1747-5341-3-16

Cited by 61 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Consider, as examples, such relatively uncontroversial capacities as those for experiencing pain or distress in chimpanzees (Bloomsmith and Else 2005;Bloomsmith et al 2006), dogs (Overall and Dyer 2005), rats (Conour et al 2006;Hutchinson et al 2005) or various birds (e.g., pigeons or waterfowl) (Joint Working Group on Refinement 2001). 10 That certain animals, like chimpanzees, appear to possess cognitive capacities often described as sophisticated (or using terms like 'higher cognition') (e.g., Knight 2008;Perry 2007;Schuppli et al 2004), and can present with behavioural symptoms consistent with trauma when used in research (Brüne et al 2006), supports special consideration of the propriety of using them in harmful research (Balls 1995).…”

Section: Moving Forwardmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In so doing, they express a preference for how they are to be treated (even if they lack the capacity to understand a preference under such a description) (von Rohr et al 2011). 12 Within the context of captive research, issues of both chimpanzee physical welfare (e.g., good health, lack of problem behavioural atypicalities [stereotypies] or pathologies [self-mutilation; coprophagia]) and psychological well-being (e.g., lack of stress, lack of pain, presence of positive affective states) are now wellembedded in the animal welfare literature (Bloomsmith and Else 2005;Bloomsmith et al 2006;Brüne et al 2006;Knight 2008). Certain noxious stimuli experienced in captive research contexts are relevantly similar to those described in free-living or zoo populations.…”

Section: Moving Forwardmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Third, our growing scientific knowledge of the various proximate mechanisms and social factors implicated in the behaviour of a select, but expanding, sample of animal species trouble the current, comparatively low moral regard accorded many of them. For example, changing the moral regard for chimpanzees has become the focus of debate in certain circles (see Cavalieri and Singer 1993;Knight 2008) and scientific knowledge of their cognitive and affective capacities has clearly influenced government and institutional policy in according them high moral status (see Suran and Wolinsky 2009).…”

Section: Situating Considerations and A Cautionary Notementioning

confidence: 99%

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On the need to redress an inadequacy in animal welfare science: toward an internally coherent framework

Fenton

2011

Biol Philos

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The time is ripe for a greater interrogation of assumptions and commitments underlying an emerging common ground on the ethics of animal research as well on the 3 R (replacement, refinement, reduction) approach that parallels, and perhaps even further shapes, it. Recurring pressures to re-evaluate the moral status of some animals in research comes as much from within the relevant sciences as without. It seems incredible, in the light of what we now know of such animals as chimpanzees, to deny that these animals are properly accorded high moral status. Barring the requirement that they be human, it is difficult to see what more animals such as chimpanzees would have to possess to acquire it. If the grounds for ascribing high moral status are to be non-arbitrary and responsive to our best knowledge of those individuals who possess the relevant features, we should expect that a sound ethical experimental science will periodically reassess the moral status of their research subjects as the relevant knowledge demands. We already can observe this reassessment as scientists committed to humane experimental science incorporate discoveries of enrichment tools and techniques into their housing and use of captive research animals. No less should this reassessment include a critical reflection on the possible elevation of moral status of certain research animals in light of what is discovered regarding their morally significant properties, characteristics or capacities, or so I will argue. To do anything short of this threatens the social and moral legitimacy of animal research.

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Section: Moving Forwardmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Moving Forwardmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Situating Considerations and A Cautionary Notementioning

confidence: 99%

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On the need to redress an inadequacy in animal welfare science: toward an internally coherent framework

Fenton

2011

Biol Philos

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“…Yet the relevant systematic reviews published to date suggest that this is far from the case. The contributions of invasive chimpanzee research to biomedical progress appear highly questionable, and it rarely, if ever, makes important contributions to clinical interventions efficacious in human patients (Bailey, 2008(Bailey, , 2009(Bailey, , 2010Bettauer, 2010Bettauer, , 2011Knight, 2007Knight, , 2008. This is why almost all nations that have considered invasive chimpanzee experimentation have implemented policy or legislative bans on such research, with the exception of noninvasive Comment observational or behavioral research, or research conducted at ensuring the survival of the individual in question, or of the species.…”

Section: Assessing the Necessity Of Chimpanzee Experimentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the necessity of chimpanzee experimentation

Knight

2012

ALTEX

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“…Some EU member states, such as Austria and Sweden, have adopted strict rules at the national level that forbid testing on apes (Knight, 2008 …”

Section: Apes In Captivity In Europementioning

confidence: 99%

The Status of Captive Apes

White¹,

Lanjouw²,

Rainer³

State of the Apes 2015

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Social and economic systems worldwide are changing rapidly. These changes are accompanied by an increasing global demand for natural resources, including land, water, minerals, energy sources, food and timber. Today's foremost challenge lies in fi ding the tools not only to address the complexity of these interrelated trends, but also to implement strategies to balance environmental needs with socioeconomic requirements. This volume of State of the Apes contributes to this search by presenting original research and analysis, topical case studies and emerging best practice from a range of key stakeholders to examine the interface between ape conservation and industrial agriculture. In assessing the drivers behind agricultural expansion and land investments, it sheds light on governance challenges and legal frameworks that shape land use.Aimed at policy-makers, industry experts and decision-makers, academics, researchers and NGOs, this volume is designed to inform debate, practice and policy in ways that will help to reconcile the goals of industrial agriculture with those of ape conservation and welfare, and social and economic development.This title is available as an open access eBook via Cambridge Books Online and at www.stateoftheapes.com.https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/00ACF92E40EE0314C8570FBC7CE2F971 Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 158.106.208.226, on 10 Sep 2018 at 11:24:10, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at State of the Apes Series editors Helga RainerArcus FoundationAlison White Annette Lanjouw Arcus FoundationThe world's primates are among the most endangered of all tropical species. All great ape species -gorilla, chimpanzee, bonobo and orangutan -are classified as either Endangered or Critically Endangered. Furthermore, nearly all gibbon species are threatened with extinction. Whilst linkages between ape conservation and economic development, ethics and wider environmental processes have been acknowledged, more needs to be done to integrate biodiversity conservation within broader economic, social and environmental communities if those connections are to be fully realized and addressed.Intended for a broad range of policy-makers, industry experts and decision-makers, academics, researchers, and NGOs, the State of the Apes series will look at the threats to these animals and their habitats within the broader context of economic and community development. Each publication presents a different theme, providing an overview of how these factors interrelate and affect the current and future status of apes, with robust statistics, welfare indicators, official and various other reports providing an objective and rigorous analysis of relevant issues. Other Titles in this SeriesArcus Foundation. 2014 This work is in copyright. It is subject to statutory exceptions and to the provisions of relevant licensing agreements; with the exception of the Creative Commons version, the link for which is provided below, no reprod...

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The beginning of the end for chimpanzee experiments?

Cited by 61 publications

References 77 publications

On the need to redress an inadequacy in animal welfare science: toward an internally coherent framework

On the need to redress an inadequacy in animal welfare science: toward an internally coherent framework

Assessing the necessity of chimpanzee experimentation

The Status of Captive Apes

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