The Beginning of High Mountain Occupations in the Pyrenees. Human Settlements and Mobility from 18,000 cal BC to 2000 cal BC

Ballbè, Ermengol Gassiot; Mazzucco, Niccolò; Conte, Ignacio Clemente; Antón, David Rodríguez; Gómez, Laura Obea; Carrasco, Manuel Quesada; Bonilla, Sara Díaz

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-55982-7_4

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The first evidence of grazing dates to 7300 cal yr BP, and the oldest cereal records were found at 5190 cal yr BP, but general landscape anthropization did not occur until 3150-2650 cal yr BP (Garcés-Pastor et al, 2017). No archaeological evidence of human occupation of the PNAESM prior to the Holocene is available, and Neolithization began by 7250 cal yr BP at lower elevations (<1600 m) and 5350 cal yr BP at higher elevations (Gassiot et al, 2017), which is consistent with the above palynological evidence from Bassa Nera. Landscape anthropization accelerated in the Middle Ages (800 cal yr BP).…”

Section: Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A continuous centennial Lateglacial-Early Holocene (15-10 cal kyr BP) palynological record from the Iberian Pyrenees and regional comparisons

Rull

Blasco

Calero

et al. 2023

Preprint

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This paper presents the first continuous (gap-free) Lateglacial-Early Holocene (LGEH) pollen record for the Iberian Pyrenees resolved at centennial resolution. The main aims are (i) to provide a standard chronostratigraphic correlation framework, (ii) to unravel the relationships between vegetation shifts, climatic changes and fire, and (iii) to obtain a regional picture of LGEH vegetation for the Pyrenees and the surrounding lowlands. Seven pollen assemblage zones were obtained and correlated with the stadial/interstadial phases of the Greenland ice cores that serve as a global reference. Several well-dated datums were also derived for keystone individual taxa that are useful for correlation purposes. Four vegetation types were identified, two of them corresponding to conifer and deciduous forests (Cf, Df) and two representing open vegetation types with no modern analogs (periglacial herbs, or PH, and Saxifraga-Cichorioideae, or SC). The first two forests dominated during interstadial phases (Bolling/Allerod and Early Holocene), and PH dominated during stadials (Oldest Dryas and Younger Dryas), with SC being important only in the first half of the Younger Dryas. The use of pollen-independent proxies for temperature (oxygen isotopes) and moisture (titanium) allowed the reconstruction of paleoclimatic trends and the responses of the four vegetation types defined. The most relevant observation in this sense was the finding of wet climates during the Younger Dryas, which challenges the traditional view of arid Pyrenean conditions for this phase on the basis of former pollen records. Fire incidence was low until the early Holocene, when regional fires were exacerbated, probably due to the combination of higher temperatures and forest biomass accumulation. These results are compared with the pollen records available for the whole Pyrenean range and the surrounding lowlands within the framework of elevational, climatic and biogeographical gradients. Some potential future developments are suggested on the basis of the obtained results, with an emphasis on the reconsideration of the LGEH spatiotemporal moisture patterns and the comparison of the Pyrenees with other European ranges from different climatic and biogeographical regions.

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Section: Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A continuous centennial Lateglacial-Early Holocene (15-10 cal kyr BP) palynological record from the Iberian Pyrenees and regional comparisons

Rull

Blasco

Calero

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Indeed, the first evidence of grazing dates to 7300 cal yr BP, and the oldest cereal records were found at ~5190 cal yr BP, but general landscape anthropization did not occur until 3150-2650 cal yr BP [25]. No archaeological evidence of human occupation of the PNAESM prior to the Holocene is available, and Neolithization began by ~7250 cal yr BP at lower elevations (<1600 m) and ~5350 cal yr BP at higher elevations [34].…”

Section: Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Continuous Centennial Late Glacial-Early Holocene (15–10 cal kyr BP) Palynological Record from the Iberian Pyrenees and Regional Comparisons

Rull,

Blasco,

Calero

et al. 2023

Plants

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This paper presents the first continuous (gap-free) Late Glacial-Early Holocene (LGEH) pollen record for the Iberian Pyrenees resolved at centennial resolution. The main aims are (i) to provide a standard chronostratigraphic correlation framework, (ii) to unravel the relationships between vegetation shifts, climatic changes and fire, and (iii) to obtain a regional picture of LGEH vegetation for the Pyrenees and the surrounding lowlands. Seven pollen assemblage zones were obtained and correlated with the stadial/interstadial phases of the Greenland ice cores that serve as a global reference. Several well-dated datums were also derived for keystone individual taxa that are useful for correlation purposes. Four vegetation types were identified, two of them corresponding to conifer and deciduous forests (Cf, Df) and two representing open vegetation types (O1, O2) with no modern analogs, dominated by Artemisia-Poaceae and Saxifraga-Cichorioideae, respectively. Forests dominated during interstadial phases (Bølling/Allerød and Early Holocene), whereas O1 dominated during stadials (Oldest Dryas and Younger Dryas), with O2 being important only in the first half of the Younger Dryas. The use of pollen-independent proxies for temperature and moisture allowed the reconstruction of paleoclimatic trends and the responses of the four vegetation types defined. The most relevant observation in this sense was the finding of wet climates during the Younger Dryas, which challenges the traditional view of arid conditions for this phase on the basis of former pollen records. Fire incidence was low until the Early Holocene, when regional fires were exacerbated, probably due to the combination of higher temperatures and forest biomass accumulation. These results are compared with the pollen records available for the whole Pyrenean range and the surrounding lowlands within the framework of elevational, climatic and biogeographical gradients. Some potential future developments are suggested on the basis of the obtained results, with an emphasis on the reconsideration of the LGEH spatiotemporal moisture patterns and the comparison of the Pyrenees with other European ranges from different climatic and biogeographical regions.

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“…A partir del iv milenio cal ANE se vuelve a documentar de forma puntual la ocupación de abrigos por encima de esta altitud, situación que se intensificará a partir del 3400/3300 cal ANE y, especialmente, del 3000 cal ANE. En esta fase final del Neolítico el número de ocupaciones en el PNAESM alcanza un máximo número de sitios, tanto en abrigos como al aire libre, que no llegará a superarse hasta la tardoantigüedad (Gassiot et al, 2014;Gassiot et al, 2017). A partir del 2400 cal ANE y durante el ii y el i milenios hay un descenso acusado Ermengol Gassiot Ballbè et al Del territorio al asentamiento y del asentamiento al territorio: la investigación arqueológica en áreas de montaña y alta montaña en el Pirineo central de los asentamientos fechados.…”

Section: La Identificación Arqueológica De Territorios Ganaderos De A...unclassified

Del territorio al asentamiento y del asentamiento al territorio: la investigación arqueológica en áreas de montaña y alta montaña en el Pirineo central

Gassiot Ballbè,

Salvador Baiges,

Obea Gómez

et al. 2023

TArqueo

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Aunque reciente en nuestra disciplina, la arqueología de las zonas de alta montaña poco a poco va consolidándose, generando corpus empíricos y procedimientos que en muchas ocasiones constituyen sus señas de identidad. Por encima de la diversidad de equipos y programas de investigación, algunos aspectos tienden a presentarse de forma recurrente. Uno es un cierto interés por las secuencias de larga duración. Otro lo constituye la mirada hacia un espacio amplio, que va mucho más allá del asentamiento. Este interés por el territorio o el paisaje, que en ocasiones se prefigura como un verdadero objeto de estudio, conlleva cambios en el diseño metodológico de la investigación. En este trabajo pretendemos recoger los ya casi veinte años de experiencia del Grupo de Arqueología de la Alta Montaña (GAAM) de la UAB y el CSIC para presentar una breve reflexión teórica sobre un aspecto que, a nuestro entender, es central en nuestra disciplina. La arqueología, en cuanto ciencia social, aborda una existencia humana colectiva que ocurre tanto en el tiempo como en el espacio. Por diversos motivos, la arqueología en áreas de alta montaña ha sido especialmente proclive a incorporar elementos metodológicos para tratar con el espacio también como instancia social. Quizás ha llegado el momento de empezar a evaluar los puntos fuertes de estas propuestas y tratar de identificar aquellas cuestiones que merecen mayor atención. En la parte final del artículo ilustramos, con un caso empírico, la pertinencia de la reflexión teórica planteada.

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The Beginning of High Mountain Occupations in the Pyrenees. Human Settlements and Mobility from 18,000 cal BC to 2000 cal BC

Cited by 15 publications

References 25 publications

A continuous centennial Lateglacial-Early Holocene (15-10 cal kyr BP) palynological record from the Iberian Pyrenees and regional comparisons

A continuous centennial Lateglacial-Early Holocene (15-10 cal kyr BP) palynological record from the Iberian Pyrenees and regional comparisons

A Continuous Centennial Late Glacial-Early Holocene (15–10 cal kyr BP) Palynological Record from the Iberian Pyrenees and Regional Comparisons

Del territorio al asentamiento y del asentamiento al territorio: la investigación arqueológica en áreas de montaña y alta montaña en el Pirineo central

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