The beginning of ChatGPT – a systematic and bibliometric review of the literature

Abstract

Purpose This paper aims to present a systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis of research papers published on chat generative pre-trained transformer (ChatGPT), an OpenAI-developed large-scale generative language model. The study’s objective is to provide a comprehensive assessment of the present status of research on ChatGPT and identify current trends and themes in the literature. Design/methodology/approach A total of 328 research article data was extracted from Scopus for bibliometric analysis, to investigate publishing trends, productive countries and keyword analysis around the topic and 34 relevant research publications were selected for an in-depth systematic literature review. Findings The findings indicate that ChatGPT research is still in its early stages, with the current emphasis on applications such as natural language processing and understanding, dialogue systems, speech processing and recognition, learning systems, chatbots and response generation. The USA is at the forefront of publishing on this topic and new keywords, e.g. “patient care”, “medical”, “higher education” and so on are emerging themes around the topic. Research limitations/implications These findings underscore the importance of ongoing research and development to address these limitations and ensure that ChatGPT is used responsibly and ethically. While systematic review research on ChatGPT heralds exciting opportunities, it also demands a careful understanding of its nuances to harness its potential effectively. Originality/value Overall, this study provides a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners interested in ChatGPT at this early stage and helps to identify the grey areas around this topic.

Bibliometric Overview of ChatGPT: New Perspectives in Social Sciences

“…Keywords such as "human", "question", "answer", "ai" may indicate researchers' interest in the theme of relationships between humans and AI, as well as the methods by which people utilise technology based on artificial intelligence. These patterns are consistent with global trends indicating a leading role for the United States in artificial intelligence research, as confirmed by research by other authors [11,12]. Moreover, the emergence of new research clusters in various databases indicates evolving interests and potential new research directions, especially in natural language processing and its applications in various sectors, including healthcare and education.…”

“…Similar patterns of regional research leadership and collaboration are evident across disciplines, including medical research, with Barrington et al highlighting the dominance of the United States in ChatGPT medical publications [13]. The review by Baber et al further confirms the intense research activity in the United States, while acknowledging the significant contributions of other regions such as China and India [12]. These patterns may indicate a robust AI research infrastructure and a high level of interdisciplinary discourse, fostering progress and a comprehensive approach to the ethical, legal and educational implications of AI technologies such as ChatGPT.…”

“…There are many bibliometric studies in the area of using the ChatGPT tool. This issue has been addressed by Khosravi et al [11], Baber et al [12], Barrington et al [13], Zheltukhina et al [14], Farhat et al [15], Liu et al [6] and others. This article stands out in the field of bibliometric research due to its specific focus on ChatGPT in the social sciences.…”

Bibliometric and Systematic Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Chatbots’ Use for Language Education

“…The release of ChatGPT attracted many researchers' attention, and many researchers were concerned with ChatGPT's use in language education. The review of ChatGPT indicated that the use of ChatGPT is still in its early stage and the learning system was one of the main concerns (Baber et al, 2023). Barrot (2023) discussed the pitfalls and potentials of ChatGPT's use in L2 writing.…”

Perceptions of Primary School Teacher Education Students to the Use of ChatGPT to Support Learning in the Digital Era

“…According to the research of Bozkurt et al [9], ChatGPT can accurately and helpfully answer a variety of queries and assist students in completing assignments, including writing essays and scientific papers [10][11][12]. Furthermore, according to the research of Wang and Chen [13], ChatGPT can boost student enthusiasm and activity levels, which could lead to better learning outcomes.…”