The Beginning of a New Invasive Plant: A History of the Ornamental Callery Pear in the United States

Culley, Theresa M.; Hardiman, Nicole A.

doi:10.1641/b571108

Cited by 62 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Until recently, the species was considered unable to escape from cultivation or to naturalize because of self-incompatibility, vegetative propagation, and rare fruit production (Gilman and Watson 1994). The species is currently recognized as invasive because volunteer populations have been reported with increasing frequency over the last 5 years in at least 26 states (Vincent 2005;Culley and Hardiman 2007), concurrent with recent observations of abundant fruit set in cultivated and escaped individuals. Because of its present spread, the species is now listed by the United States Fish and Wildlife as a plant invader of Mid-Atlantic natural areas (Swearingen et al 2002) and is considered either invasive or watch-listed in ten states (Culley and Hardiman 2007).…”

Section: Case Study Of the Callery Pearmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Pyrus calleryana is an ornamental tree species from Asia that is in the early stages of spread in the United States (Vincent 2005;Culley and Hardiman 2007;Hardiman and Culley 2007). The species, commonly known as the Callery Pear, is a popular cultivated tree often planted in commercial and residential areas, where it is prized for its early spring flowers, rapid growth, and fall color.…”

Section: Case Study Of the Callery Pearmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this system, crosses can result in full compatibility, partial compatibility, or complete incompatibility, depending on the genotypes of the two individuals being crossed. In invasive populations, the self-incompatibility (SI) system acts to maximize outcrossing and hence hybridization events (Culley and Hardiman 2007) but its effectiveness depends on the number of SI alleles present within populations. In new populations, the SI system may contribute to an Allee effect and slow invasion (Taylor et al 2004;Taylor and Hastings 2005) because low density of individuals may limit the number of compatible genotypes present and therefore their ability to reproduce with one another (i.e.…”

Section: Case Study Of the Callery Pearmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of intraspecific hybridization in the evolution of invasiveness: a case study of the ornamental pear tree Pyrus calleryana

Culley

Hardiman

2008

Biol Invasions

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Hybridization between genetically distinct populations of a single species can serve as an important stimulus for the evolution of invasiveness. Such intraspecific hybridization was examined in Pyrus calleryana, a Chinese tree species commonly planted as an ornamental in residential and commercial areas throughout the United States. This selfincompatible species is now escaping cultivation and appearing in disturbed habitats, where it has the potential to form dense thickets. Using genetic techniques incorporating nine microsatellite markers, we show that abundant fruit set on cultivated trees as well as the subsequent appearance of wild individuals result from crossing between genetically distinct horticultural cultivars of the same species that originated from different areas of China. We conclude that intraspecific hybridization can be a potent but little recognized process impacting the evolution of invasiveness in certain species.

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Section: Case Study Of the Callery Pearmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Case Study Of the Callery Pearmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Case Study Of the Callery Pearmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of intraspecific hybridization in the evolution of invasiveness: a case study of the ornamental pear tree Pyrus calleryana

Culley

Hardiman

2008

Biol Invasions

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“…Horticultural practices directly facilitate the introduction of species outside their normal ranges which has led to intraspecifi c (i.e., within a species) and interspecifi c (i.e., occurring between species) hybridization and often, the creation of invasive species (see Schierenbeck and Ellstrand 2009 ). For instance, Culley and Hardiman ( 2007 ) document the intraspecifi c hybridization of Callery pear ( Pyrus calleryana ), a commonly planted street tree, which has resulted in the invasive species currently colonizing natural areas in the Midwest United States. Similarly, Trusty et al ( 2008 ) document the interspecifi c hybridization of Wisteria sinensis and W .…”

Section: Species Availabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns and Trends in Urban Biodiversity and Landscape Design

Müller

Ignatieva

Nilon

et al. 2013

Urbanization, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services: Challenges and Opportunities

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Urbanization destroys or modifi es native habitats and creates new ones with its infrastructure. Because of these changes, urban landscapes favor non-native and native species that are generalists. Nevertheless, cities reveal a great variety of habitats and species, and, especially in temperate cities, the diversity of vascular plants and birds can be higher than in the surrounding landscapes. The actual occurrence of a species, however, depends on habitat availability and quality, the spatial arrangements of habitats, species pools, a species' adaptability and natural history, and site history. In addition, cities are particularly human-made ecological

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“…Spread of plants along roads can be very rapid (Reznicek and Catling 1987), and roads are increasingly identified as a major factor in the spread of invasive species (Christen and Matlack 2009). Other factors such as increasing numbers of biotypes coming into contact may also play a role in providing the raw material for local adaptation (Culley and Hardiman 2007;Belzile et al 2009). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Recent Spread and Potential Distribution of <em>Phragmites australis</em> subsp. <em>australis</em> in Canada

Catling

Mitrow

2011

Can Field Nat

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To provide information on geographic occurrence, rate of spread, and potential distribution of European Common Reed, Phragmites australis subsp. australis, in Canada, we measured 1740 herbarium specimens from 21 collections across Canada, entered the information into a database, and mapped and analyzed these records. The European subspecies australis was first documented in Canada 100 years before it was recognized as an alien invader. It was not until the invading plants had entered a phase of rapid local increase after 1990 that they attracted sufficient attention that a comparison of the invasive and non-invasive plants was made. By 2001, two different races had been distinguished, and soon after they were separated as different subspecies. The first Canadian collection of the alien subsp. australis was made in southwestern Nova Scotia in 1910. By the 1920s, it occurred in southern Nova Scotia, along the St. Lawrence River near Quebec City and at Montreal. The first southwestern Ontario specimen was collected in 1948. Thus by 1950 subsp. australis was known from only four relatively small areas of Canada based on 22 collections. At this same time, the native race, subsp. americanus, had a widespread distribution in Canada represented by 325 collections. This strongly supported the comparable and limited distribution of subsp. australis at the time. By 1970, subsp. australis had spread locally but was still found only in southwestern Nova Scotia, in the St. Lawrence River valley, and in southwestern Ontario. By 1990, subsp. australis had become much more frequent in the St. Lawrence River valley and in southwestern Ontario, and it had extended westward into eastern Ontario. By 2010, it had spread throughout much of southern Ontario and southern Quebec, and it had a more extensive distribution in Atlantic Canada, but the biggest change was its spread into western Canada. It appeared in northern Ontario, northwestern Ontario, southern Manitoba, and interior southern British Columbia. The rate of spread is increasing and within a decade or two, based on the extent of appropriate plant hardiness zones currently occupied, it is expected to become abundant in the prairie provinces and across most of southern Canada.

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The Beginning of a New Invasive Plant: A History of the Ornamental Callery Pear in the United States

Cited by 62 publications

References 31 publications

The role of intraspecific hybridization in the evolution of invasiveness: a case study of the ornamental pear tree Pyrus calleryana

The role of intraspecific hybridization in the evolution of invasiveness: a case study of the ornamental pear tree Pyrus calleryana

Patterns and Trends in Urban Biodiversity and Landscape Design

The Recent Spread and Potential Distribution of <em>Phragmites australis</em> subsp. <em>australis</em> in Canada

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