The Bed Bug Resurgence in Australia

Doggett, Stephen L.; Cains, Toni

doi:10.1002/9781119171539.ch7

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…These reports suggest the possibility of C. hemipterus further expanding outside of their historical range. While the range of C. lectularius and C. hemipterus overlap [5,6] and the two species can mate with each other, viable hybrids are not typically produced [1,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogenesis of Aldehyde Pheromones in Two Synanthropic Bed Bug Species (Heteroptera: Cimicidae)

Dery

Arriola

Lee

et al. 2020

Insects

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Bed bugs produce volatile aldehydes that have alarm and aggregation functions. Using two synanthropic bed bug species, Cimex lectularius L. and C. hemipterus (Fabricius), developmental changes were examined for (E)-2-hexenal, 4-oxo-(E)-2-hexenal, (E)-2-octenal, and 4-oxo-(E)-2-octenal, the four most abundant aldehydes shared between the two species. Quantitative analyses of the aldehydes in the nymphal exuviae indicated that the aldehydes’ ratio remained similar throughout nymphal development. In general, (E)-2-octenal was most abundant, and (E)-2-hexenal and 4-oxo-(E)-2-octenal were least abundant. The fourth aldehyde, 4-oxo-(E)-2-hexenal, was present in intermediate quantities. The quantities and percent abundances of the aldehydes in nymphal exuviae and the adults were significantly different between C. lectularius and C. hemipterus. The ratio between (E)-2-hexenal and (E)-2-octenal was determined in adult male and female bed bugs of each species. Adult C. hemipterus had a higher proportion of (E)-2-hexenal than C. lectularius, while no sex differences were found. This work provides the first systematic quantification of four aldehydes [(E)-2-hexenal, 4-oxo-(E)-2-hexenal, (E)-2-octenal and 4-oxo-(E)-2-octenal] for all five of the nymphal stages for both C. lectularius and C. hemipterus.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogenesis of Aldehyde Pheromones in Two Synanthropic Bed Bug Species (Heteroptera: Cimicidae)

Dery

Arriola

Lee

et al. 2020

Insects

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“…The resurgence of the bed bug as an important human ectoparasite has gained attention recently due to its re-emergence after a long period of disappearance in many countries. 24 Different control strategies, mainly chemical insecticides, were employed against these bugs. 25 The extensive use of chemicals against bed bugs coupled with their rapid spread has resulted in the development of insecticidal resistance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitosan–silver nanocomposites as a promising tool for controlling the bed bug:Cimex lectularius(Heteroptera: Cimicidae)

Attia

Khalf

Abou‐Okada

et al. 2023

Journal of Bioactive and Compatible Polymers

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This study evaluates the use of chitosan–silver nanocomposites (CSN) as an insecticide against the bed bug ( Cimex lectularius). Adult bed bugs were collected from infested residential areas and identified using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. CSN were prepared and photographed for characterization using transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and zeta potential. The insecticidal effect of different concentrations of CSN (400–1000 ppm) was compared to that of 0.1% cypermethrin as a positive control and normal saline as a negative control. The bugs ( n = 25) were immersed for 20 min in the corresponding medium, dried with filter papers, and then incubated at 27–28°C and 70% RH with a 12:12 h light–dark photoperiod. The mortality rates were recorded at different time intervals (2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 h post-incubation (hPI)), and the entire experiment was repeated five times. Image analysis showed round- to spherical-shaped CSN ranging in size from 34 to 72 nm. The mortality rates were positively associated with increasing concentrations of CSN. The mortality rate first reached 100% for concentrations of 800 ppm at 24 hPI and 1000 ppm at 12 hPI. The calculated LC50 was found at a concentration of 1165 ppm at 2 hPI, and the LC99 was found at a concentration of 1914 ppm at 2 hPI. The positive control, cypermethrin, induced 100% mortality among the bugs at 2 hPI, while the negative control caused no mortality. These results clearly show the potential of CSN as an insecticide against C. lectularius. Future studies on best practices for implementing these particles in clinical settings are recommended.

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“…The peak in submissions coincided with the recognition of a global resurgence in bed bugs (Doggett et al . 2004, 2011, 2018a, 2018b; Doggett & Cains 2018; Doggett & Russell 2008; Lee et al . 2018), and data from the identification service led to the first published evidence of the resurgence (Doggett et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, a later review of museum reference collections from laboratories around Australia revealed specimens of C. hemipterus dating back to 1991 from Katherine and 1994 from Darwin in the Northern Territory, which had been misidentified as C. lectularius (Doggett et al . 2011; Doggett & Cains 2018). The other species that appears to have established during the 30 year period is the brown‐legged mite A. ovatus .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

30 years of samples submitted to an Australian Medical Entomology Department

et al. 2020

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Arthropods are the cause of considerable human morbidity. In spite of numerous text books and reviews published on arthropods of medical importance, this is the first paper in the world to present a comprehensive review of specimens sent to a medical entomology laboratory over an extended period. The Department of Medical Entomology at Westmead Hospital is the New South Wales reference laboratory for arthropods of medical importance. In the years 1988–2017, there were 5655 samples submitted for identification. Some 25 orders, 188 families and 177 different genera were recorded, with 170 unique species. The most common specimens included the Australian paralysis tick Ixodes holocyclus (708 specimens submitted), the bird mite Ornithonyssus bursa (506), bed bugs Cimex spp. (149), moth flies Clogmia spp. (135), head lice Pediculus capitis (105), pubic lice Pthirus pubis (91) and scabies Sarcoptes scabiei (57). In 1211 samples submitted, there was no evidence for any life stages of arthropods. For these common samples, data analysed included yearly and seasonal trends, female vs. male patient submissions and the age classes of the patients. Some species such as I. holocyclus, O. bursa, Cimex spp., Clogmia spp. and P. capitis demonstrated strong seasonal trends. In the case of the female vs. male patients, there were significant differences in submissions with O. bursa, P. capitis, P. pubis and with the samples containing no arthropod evidence. Of these, only with P. pubis did more males submit than females. Younger ages classes (<10 years) were more associated with I. holocyclus and P. capitis, older patients >70 years) with scabies, mature females (50–69 years) with samples containing no evidence of arthropods and middle‐aged adults (40–69) with the remainder of the common samples. Key diagnostic features are included for some of the more challenging arthropod species to distinguish and as well as case studies provided of situations involving unique or unusual infestations. The data provides useful information on the risks that arthropods of medical importance pose to the community and will refine educational programs.

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The Bed Bug Resurgence in Australia

Cited by 9 publications

References 2 publications

Ontogenesis of Aldehyde Pheromones in Two Synanthropic Bed Bug Species (Heteroptera: Cimicidae)

Ontogenesis of Aldehyde Pheromones in Two Synanthropic Bed Bug Species (Heteroptera: Cimicidae)

Chitosan–silver nanocomposites as a promising tool for controlling the bed bug:Cimex lectularius(Heteroptera: Cimicidae)

30 years of samples submitted to an Australian Medical Entomology Department

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