The Bayesian and the Frequentist Ways of Analyzing Data

Korner‐Nievergelt, Fränzi; Roth, Tobias; Felten, Stefanie von; Guélat, Jérôme; Almasi, Bettina; Korner-Nievergelt, Pius

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801370-0.00003-4

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…This highlights an advantage of the Bayesian approach�straightforward error propagation for quantities derived from the posterior distribution of the model parameters. 52 The three dosing protocols yielded distinct lead release distributions over most of the study, and the difference between the lowest orthophosphate dose and the other two is particularly apparent (Figure 7). The ratio of dissolved Pb concentrations at a P ratio of 0:1�comparing the 0 mg P L −1 control with the 1 mg P L −1 dose�peaked at 31.3 with a 95% credible interval of 27.3−35.5 (Figure 7a).…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Comparing Corrosion Control Treatments for Drinking Water Using a Robust Bayesian Generalized Additive Model

Trueman

James²,

Shu³

et al. 2022

ACS EST Eng.

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Pipe loop studies are used to evaluate corrosion control treatment, and updated regulatory guidance will ensure that they remain important for drinking water quality management. But the data they generate are difficult to analyze: nonlinear time trends, nondetects, extreme values, and autocorrelation are common attributes that make popular methods, such as the t- or rank-sum tests, poor descriptive models. Here, we propose a framework for describing pipe loop data that accommodates all of these challenging attributes: a robust Bayesian generalized additive model with continuous-time autoregressive errors. Our approach facilitates corrosion control treatment comparisons without the need for imputing nondetects or special handling of outliers. It is well suited to describing nonlinear trends without overfitting, and it accounts for the reduced information content in autocorrelated time series. We demonstrate it using a 4-year pipe loop study, with multiple pipe configurations and orthophosphate dosing protocols, finding that an initially high dose of orthophosphate (2 mg P L–1) that is subsequently lowered (0.75 mg P L–1) can yield lower lead release than an intermediate dose (1 mg P L–1) in the long term. Water utilities face difficult trade-offs in applying orthophosphate for corrosion control, and better models of pipe loop data can help inform the decision-making process.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Comparing Corrosion Control Treatments for Drinking Water Using a Robust Bayesian Generalized Additive Model

Trueman

James²,

Shu³

et al. 2022

ACS EST Eng.

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show abstract

“…Coherence between model predictions and observed responses was indicated by a histogram with a shape reasonably close to a uniform distribution [52]. Models were also judged by inspecting maps and empirical variograms of model residuals [53], where residuals were computed as the means from posterior predictive distributions minus observed values [54] and pairwise distances were estimated from the geographic coordinates of county centroids.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Landscape View of Agricultural Insecticide Use across the Conterminous US from 1997 through 2012

Meehan¹,

Gratton²

2016

PLoS ONE

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Simplification of agricultural landscapes is expected to have positive effects on many crop pests and negative effects on their natural enemies, potentially leading to increased pest pressure, decreased crop yield, and increased insecticide use. While many intermediate links in this causal chain have empirical support, there is mixed evidence for ultimate relationships between landscape simplification, crop yield, and insecticide use, especially at large spatial and temporal scales. We explored relationships between landscape simplification (proportion of a county in harvested cropland) and insecticide use (proportion of harvested cropland treated with insecticides), using county-level data from the US Census of Agriculture and a variety of standard and spatiotemporal regression techniques. The best model indicated that insecticide use across the US has increased between 1997 and 2012, was strongly dependent on the crops grown in a county, increased with average farm income and size, and increased with annual growing degree days. After accounting for those variables, and other unidentified spatial and temporal structure in the data, there remained a statistically significant, moderate, positive relationship between insecticide use and landscape simplification. These results lend general support to the causal chain outlined above, and to the notion that a landscape perspective is useful for managing ecosystem services that are provided by mobile organisms and valuable to agriculture.

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“…We initially fitted the model assuming Poisson error distribution using package lme4 [44]. Because our Poisson models were over-dispersed (checked with the package blmeco, [45]), the final models were fitted assuming negative binomial error distribution using package MASS [46]. We used three random effects reflecting the experimental set-up (non-independence of fish originating from the same population, block structure and multiple measures of the same fish).…”

Section: (D) Data Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Size-selective harvesting affects the immunocompetence of guppies exposed to the parasite Gyrodactylus

et al. 2022

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Harvesting is typically size-selective, targeting large individuals. This is expected to lead to reduced average body size and earlier maturation (i.e. faster life histories). Such changes can also affect traits seemingly unrelated to harvesting, including immunocompetence. Here we test four hypotheses on how harvesting affects immunocompetence based on the pace-of-life syndrome, habitat area limitation and energy allocation and acquisition, respectively. We empirically evaluate these hypotheses using an experimental system consisting of the ectoparasite Gyrodactylus turnbulli and lines of guppies Poecilia reticulata that had been subjected to either small, random or large size-selective harvest for over 12 years. We followed the infection progression of individually infected fish for 15 days. We found significant differences between the harvested lines: fish from the small-harvested lines had the highest parasite loads. During the early phase of the infection, parasite loads were the lowest in the large-harvested lines, whereas the terminal loads were the lowest for the random-harvested lines. These results agree with the predictions from the energetic trade-off and surface area hypotheses. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of the consequences of size-selective harvesting on immunocompetence.

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The Bayesian and the Frequentist Ways of Analyzing Data

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Comparing Corrosion Control Treatments for Drinking Water Using a Robust Bayesian Generalized Additive Model

Comparing Corrosion Control Treatments for Drinking Water Using a Robust Bayesian Generalized Additive Model

A Landscape View of Agricultural Insecticide Use across the Conterminous US from 1997 through 2012

Size-selective harvesting affects the immunocompetence of guppies exposed to the parasite Gyrodactylus

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