The Battle Against Flystrike – Past Research and New Prospects Through Genomics

Anstead, Clare A.; Perry, Trent; Richards, Stephen; Korhonen, Pasi K.; Young, Neil D.; Bowles, Vernon M; Batterham, Philip; Gasser, Robin B.

doi:10.1016/bs.apar.2017.03.001

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 309 publications

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“…The larvae of myiasis-inducing flies affect both wild [8] and domestic mammals raising both economic and animal welfare concerns [9]. In animal husbandry across the world, the most common infected host is the domestic sheep, in which cutaneous myiasis or flystrike, is mainly caused by blowflies of the genus Lucilia (Diptera Calliphoridae) [10]. Flystrike is a major problem for the sheep industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity and oviposition deterrence of essential oils of Clinopodium nubigenum and Lavandula angustifolia against the myiasis-inducing blowfly Lucilia sericata

et al. 2019

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Cutaneous myiasis is a severe worldwide medical and veterinary issue. In this trial the essential oil (EO) of the Andean medicinal plant species Clinopodium nubigenum (Kunth) Kuntze was evaluated for its bioactivity against the myiasis-inducing blowfly Lucilia sericata (Meigen) (Diptera Calliphoridae) and compared with that of the well-known medicinal plant species Lavandula angustifolia Mill. The EOs were analysed and tested in laboratory for their oviposition deterrence and toxicity against L . sericata adults. The physiology of EO toxicity was evaluated by enzymatic inhibition tests. The antibacterial and antifungal properties of the EOs were tested as well. At 0.8 μL cm -2 , both EOs completely deterred L . sericata oviposition up to 3 hours. After 24 h, the oviposition deterrence was still 82.7% for L . angustifolia and the 89.5% for C . nubigenum . The two EOs were also toxic to eggs and adults of L . sericata . By contact/fumigation, the EOs, the LC 50 values against the eggs were 0.07 and 0.48 μL cm -2 while, by topical application on the adults, LD 50 values were 0.278 and 0.393 μL per individual for C . nubigenum and L . angustifolia EOs, respectively. Inhibition of acetylcholine esterase of L . sericata by EOs (IC 50 = 67.450 and 79.495 mg L -1 for C . nubigenum and L . angustifolia , respectively) suggested that the neural sites are targets of the EO toxicity. Finally, the observed antibacterial and antifungal properties of C . nubigenum and L . angustifolia EOs suggest that they could also help prevent secondary infections.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity and oviposition deterrence of essential oils of Clinopodium nubigenum and Lavandula angustifolia against the myiasis-inducing blowfly Lucilia sericata

et al. 2019

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“…The mt genome of L. c. dorsalis (NT, Australia; GenBank accession PP297113) grouped with those of other L. cuprina flies collected from different locations around Australia (MW255536, MW255537, MW255539, and JX913744 to JX913749) and Brazil (KT272779). Although L. c. dorsalis is the primary cause of flystrike where sheep are found in Australia [9,56], their significance in the absence of sheep needs to be further investigated. In the Northern Territory, sheep are prohibited animals, due to the presence of the bluetongue virus and its potential impact on the livestock industry [13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complete Mitochondrial Genome for Lucilia cuprina dorsalis (Diptera: Calliphoridae) from the Northern Territory, Australia

Kapoor,

Yang,

Hall

et al. 2024

Genes

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The Australian sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina dorsalis, is a major sheep ectoparasite causing subcutaneous myiasis (flystrike), which can lead to reduced livestock productivity and, in severe instances, death of the affected animals. It is also a primary colonizer of carrion, an efficient pollinator, and used in maggot debridement therapy and forensic investigations. In this study, we report the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of L. c. dorsalis from the Northern Territory (NT), Australia, where sheep are prohibited animals, unlike the rest of Australia. The mt genome is 15,943 bp in length, comprising 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), and a non-coding control region. The gene order of the current mt genome is consistent with the previously published L. cuprina mt genomes. Nucleotide composition revealed an AT bias, accounting for 77.5% of total mt genome nucleotides. Phylogenetic analyses of 56 species/taxa of dipterans indicated that L. c. dorsalis and L. sericata are the closest among all sibling species of the genus Lucilia, which helps to explain species evolution within the family Luciliinae. This study provides the first complete mt genome sequence for L. c. dorsalis derived from the NT, Australia to facilitate species identification and the examination of the evolutionary history of these blowflies.

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“…Flystrike, or infestation of the fleece and skin with the larvae of various fly species, is a problem affecting the sheep industry globally, and the topic has been comprehensively reviewed recently [ 1 ]. It causes economic losses due to its negative impact on animal welfare and production performance, and there is increased cost associated with treating and preventing the disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ovine Toll-like Receptor 9 (TLR9) Gene Variation and Its Association with Flystrike Susceptibility

Liu

Zhou

Gong

et al. 2021

Animals

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Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of proteins that play a role in innate immune responses by recognising pathogen-associated molecular patterns derived from various microbes. Of these receptors, TLR9 recognises bacterial and viral DNA containing unmethylated cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) motifs, and variation in TLR9 has been associated with resistance to various infectious diseases. Flystrike is a problem affecting the sheep industry globally and the immune response of the sheep has been suggested as one factor that influences the response to the disease. In this study, variation in ovine TLR9 from 178 sheep with flystrike and 134 sheep without flystrike was investigated using a polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) approach. These sheep were collected from both commercial and stud farms throughout New Zealand and they were of 13 different breeds, cross-breds and composites. Four alleles of TLR9 were detected, including three previously identified alleles (*01, *02 and *03) and a new allele (*04). In total six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found. Of the three common alleles in the sheep studied, the presence of *03 was found to be associated with a reduced likelihood of flystrike being present (OR = 0.499, p = 0.024). This suggests that variation in ovine TLR9 may affect a sheep’s response to flystrike, and thus the gene may have value as a genetic marker for improving resistance to the disease.

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The Battle Against Flystrike – Past Research and New Prospects Through Genomics

Cited by 7 publications

References 309 publications

Toxicity and oviposition deterrence of essential oils of Clinopodium nubigenum and Lavandula angustifolia against the myiasis-inducing blowfly Lucilia sericata

Toxicity and oviposition deterrence of essential oils of Clinopodium nubigenum and Lavandula angustifolia against the myiasis-inducing blowfly Lucilia sericata

Complete Mitochondrial Genome for Lucilia cuprina dorsalis (Diptera: Calliphoridae) from the Northern Territory, Australia

Ovine Toll-like Receptor 9 (TLR9) Gene Variation and Its Association with Flystrike Susceptibility

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