The Bastides of Southwest France

Randolph, Adrian W. B.

doi:10.2307/3046102

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Indeed, mistakenly described as bastides by some commentators, Edward's new towns are often characterised as having a 'grid plan' of streets and have been compared to contemporaneous cases of town-planning in France and Switzerland (cf. Lauret et al 1988;Morris 1994;Randolph 1995;Soulsby 1983;Schofield & Vince 2003). However, the new research shows that there was no standard model for their design: comparative morphological study shows up interesting differences in built form.…”

Section: Analysing Edward's 'New Towns' In North Walesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designs and designers of medieval ‘new towns’ in Wales

Lilley¹,

Lloyd²,

Trick³

2007

Antiquity

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Medieval 'new towns' seem to echo Roman towns in having a grid of streets associated with a fortress, and have often been credited with a standard plan applied by the hand of authority. Here the authors analyse the new towns founded by Edward I in Wales and find some highly significant variations. Rediscovering the original layouts by high precision survey and GIS mapping, they show that some towns, founded at the same time and on similar topography, had quite different layouts, while others, founded at long intervals, had plans that were almost identical. Documentation hints at the explanation: it was the architects, masons and ditch-diggers, not the king and aristocracy, who established and developed these blueprints of urban life.

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Section: Analysing Edward's 'New Towns' In North Walesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designs and designers of medieval ‘new towns’ in Wales

Lilley¹,

Lloyd²,

Trick³

2007

Antiquity

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“…In other words, their urban plan furthered economic uniformity since initially residents held approximately the same possessions. As a result the grid layout facilitated the tax collection (Randolph, 1995). In addition, the bastides have a (central) marketplace surrounded by arcades through which the axes of the (primary) streets pass (Gruber, 1989, p. 324;Heers, 2004).…”

Section: The Emergence Of the Thirteenth-century Bastidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Towns in Medieval France and Nature of Institutions

Challier¹

2011

RES

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Urban development was a key phenomenon in medieval Western Europe. This paper focuses on the relationship between the institutions and the new towns set up in France at that time. It interprets the institutional evolution on the basis of the actions of communities’ founders (kings or overlords) and dwellers to govern the transition through urban constitutions furthering civil, economic, administrative, and political laws. It highlights institutions by which the royal government acquired territory and increased its influence at the expense of feudal lords. It shows that some formal and informal institutions prevailed at a local level to provide the incentive structure to further the urban growth during the High Middle Ages whereas other formal and informal institutions predominated at the national (royal) level when the urban movement declined during the Late Middle Ages.

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“…Meanwhile, urban streets were physically being made straight, in Florence, for example, with regard to civic improvements carried out there in the 1280s and 1290s ‘to enhance decorum’ (Friedman 1988, 207). More generally, throughout Europe at this time, many new urban landscapes – though of course not all – were being created with highly regular, indeed sometimes orthogonal, layouts of streets and plots, evident in some of the ‘bastide’ new towns of south‐west France, such as Grenade‐sur‐Garonne, Monpazier and Vianne (see Divorne et al 1985; Lauret et al 1988; Randolph 1995), and also in the Florentine ‘new towns’ in Italy (Guidoni 1970; Friedman 1988). Some of these new towns were arranged aesthetically, their streets and plots set out to harmonious proportions, as with Grenade (see Bucher 1972).…”

Section: Sacred Geometries: Design and Planningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cities of God? Medieval urban forms and their Christian symbolism

Lilley

2004

Trans Inst British Geog

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Situated in the context of recent geographical engagements with 'landscape', this paper combines 'morphological' and 'iconographic' landscape interpretations to examine how urban forms were perceived in late medieval Europe. To date, morphological studies have mapped the medieval city either by classifying urban layouts according to particular types, or by analysing plan forms of particular towns and cities to reveal their spatial evolution. This paper outlines a third way, an 'iconographic' approach, which shows how urban forms in the Middle Ages conveyed Christian symbolism. Three such 'mappings' explore this thesis: the first uses textual and visual representations which show that the city was understood as a scaled-down world -a microcosm -linking city and cosmos in the medieval mind; the second 'mapping' develops this theme further and suggests that urban landscapes were inscribed with symbolic form through their layout on the ground; while the third looks at how Christian symbolism of urban forms was performed through the urban landscape in perennial religious processions. Each of these 'mappings' points to the symbolic, mystical significance urban form had in the Middle Ages, based on religious faith, and they thus offer a deepened appreciation of how urban landscapes were represented, constructed and experienced at the time.key words urban morphology medieval Europe landscape iconography

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The Bastides of Southwest France

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Designs and designers of medieval ‘new towns’ in Wales

Designs and designers of medieval ‘new towns’ in Wales

New Towns in Medieval France and Nature of Institutions

Cities of God? Medieval urban forms and their Christian symbolism

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