The basis for boundaries in pelagic biogeography

Spoel, S. van der

doi:10.1016/0079-6611(94)90005-1

Cited by 26 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Indeed, zoogeographic ranges of living and fossil marine pelagic species suggest that distribution ranges are often not limited by dispersal but rather by inability to reproduce and maintain viable populations in areas where environmental conditions are not optimal (Van der Spoel 1994;Norris 2000). Even though the exact timing of the disjunction of S. setosa populations remains unclear, we suggest that, based on the geological and paleoclimatic history of the European basins and our molecular data, disjunct populations of S. setosa probably arose through vicariance resulting from the cyclical changes in temperature and sea levels during the Pleistocene.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeography of the Planktonic Chaetognath Sagitta Setosa Reveals Isolation in European Seas

et al. 2004

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Abstract. Numerous planktonic species have disjunct distribution patterns in the world's oceans. However, it is unclear whether these are truly unconnected by gene flow, or whether they are composed of morphologically cryptic species. The marine planktonic chaetognath Sagitta setosa Mü ller has a discontinuous geographic distribution over the continental shelf in the northeastern Atlantic, Mediterranean Sea, and Black Sea. Morphological variation between these populations has been described, but overlaps and is therefore unsuitable to determine the degree of isolation between populations. To test whether disjunct populations are also genetically disjunct, we sequenced a 504-bp fragment of mitochondrial DNA comprising the cytochrome oxidase II region of 86 individuals. Sequences were highly variable; each represented a different haplotype. Within S. setosa, sequence divergence ranged from 0.2 to 8.1% and strong phylogeographic structure was found, with four main groups corresponding to the northeastern Atlantic, Mediterranean Sea (including Ligurian Sea, Tyrrhenian Sea and Gulf of Gabès), Adriatic Sea, and Black Sea. Two of these (Atlantic and Black Sea) were resolved as monophyletic clades, thus gene flow between disjunct populations of S. setosa has been extremely limited and lineage sorting has taken place. The deepest divergence was between Atlantic and Mediterranean/Black Sea populations followed by a split between Mediterranean and Black Sea populations. The Mediterranean/Black Sea clade comprised three groups, with the Adriatic Sea as the most likely sister clade of the Black Sea. These data are consistent with a colonization of the Black Sea from the Mediterranean. Furthermore, a possible cryptic species was found in the Black Sea with 23.1% sequence divergence from S. setosa. Two possibilities for the evolutionary origin of this species are proposed, namely, that it represents a relict species from the ancient Paratethys, or that it represents another chaetognath species that colonized the Black Sea more recently. Even though the exact timing of disjunction of S. setosa populations remains unclear, on the basis of the geological and paleoclimatic history of the European basins and our estimates of net nucleotide divergence, we suggest that disjunct populations arose through vicariance resulting from the cyclical changes in temperature and sea levels during the Pleistocene. We conclude that these populations have remained disjunct, not because of limited dispersal ability, but because of the inability to maintain viable populations in suboptimal, geographically intermediate areas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeography of the Planktonic Chaetognath Sagitta Setosa Reveals Isolation in European Seas

et al. 2004

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“…The continuity of the marine pelagic environment, as well as the seasonality of species appearance have to be considered as the most important causes of this lack of information ( VAN DER SPOEL, 1994). The eastern Mediterranean zooplankton have been distinctly understudied until the second half of the 20 th century while a large number of species of Atlantic origin found in the Western Basin during the past century have been reported without any attempt to discriminate if their presence was due to natural water exchange or human mediation.…”

Section: Zooplanktonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Annotated list of marine alien species in the Mediterranean with records of the worst invasive species

Zenetos

Çınar

Pancucci-Papadopoulou

et al. 2005

Medit. Mar. Sci.

322

239

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This collaborative effort by many specialists across the Mediterranean presents an updated annotated list of alien marine species in the Mediterranean Sea. Alien species have been grouped into six broad categories namely established, casual, questionable, cryptogenic, excluded and invasive, and presented in lists of major ecofunctional/taxonomic groups. The establishment success within each group is provided while the questionable and excluded records are commented in brief. A total of 963 alien species have been reported from the Mediterranean until December 2005, 218 of which have been classified as excluded (23%) leaving 745 of the recorded species as valid aliens. Of these 385 (52%) are already well established, 262 (35%) are casual records, while 98 species (13%) remain “questionable” records. The species cited in this work belong mostly to zoobenthos and in particular to Mollusca and Crustacea, while Fish and Phytobenthos are the next two groups which prevail among alien biota in the Mediterranean. The available information depends greatly on the taxonomic group examined. Thus, besides the three groups explicitly addressed in the CIESM atlas series (Fish, Decapoda/Crustacea and Mollusca), which are however updated in the present work, Polychaeta, Phytobenthos, Phytoplankton and Zooplankton are also addressed in this study. Among other zoobenthic taxa sufficiently covered in this study are Echinodermata, Sipuncula, Bryozoa and Ascidiacea. On the contrary, taxa such as Foraminifera, Amphipoda and Isopoda, that are not well studied in the Mediterranean, are insufficiently covered. A gap of knowledge is also noticed in Parasites, which, although ubiquitous and pervasive in marine systems, have been relatively unexplored as to their role in marine invasions. Conclusively the lack of funding purely systematic studies in the region has led to underestimation of the number of aliens in the Mediterranean. Emphasis is put on those species that are current or potential threats to the marine ecosystems, namely the Worst Invasive Alien Species providing their record across major groups.

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“…While it is clear that there are major differences in species composition at geographic scales that are due to evolution over geological time scales, whether the regional biota change over boundaries or gradients is less clear (Southern 1915, van der Spoel 1994, Semina 1997. Thus the utility of biotones is less evident than that of ecotones.…”

Section: Ecotonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…a biocoenosis or species association) lived, and has been thus used in oceanographic (e.g. Van der Spoel 1994, Semina 1997, Vinogradov 1997) and freshwater (Padmore 1998) studies, it is now more widely used to include both this habitat and the biocoenosis (Olenin & Ducrotoy 2006). Benthic biotopes are synonymous with facies.…”

Section: Biotopesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinguishing marine habitat classification concepts for ecological data management

Costello¹

2009

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

105

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Including ecology in biodiversity data management systems requires classifications of habitat terms that provide standard definitions and indicate their relationships. In addition to databases, a wide range of intergovernmental, conservation and fishery organizations require classifications of habitats and ecosystems to enable comparisons between areas and organize information in maps and reports. However, all of the terms used to describe habitats are concepts whose definition is context-dependent. This paper reviews the key concepts and ecological perspectives involved in classifying marine 'habitats' and 'biotopes' (habitat plus its associated species) so as to advise how they may be used in data management systems. Classifications of biotopes provide practical measures of biodiversity at the ecosystem level. As an example the habitat of a benthic invertebrate is very different in spatial scale to that of a parasite, plankton, tuna or whale. Habitats can be geophysical and/or biogenic, and may operate at different spatial scales. For example, aggregations of deepsea coral colonies <1 m in diameter may form km-scale reefs which contain other habitats (e.g. sediments, sponges). An ecosystem can be physiographically defined as a lagoon, seamount, estuary, abyssal plain or entire ocean. Different sampling methods will define different regions, such as satellite images of ocean colour, acoustic maps of the seabed, in situ sampling of water or sediment cores and maps derived from analyses of species distributions that may define biogeographic regions. Because they are sampled (and thus defined) by different methods and can operate at different spatial scales, separate classifications are recommended for (1) nekton, plankton and benthos and (2) regions (defined to suit political, geographic or management areas), seascapes (defined by topography or water mass), biotopes and guilds (e.g. based on body size, diet or sampling method). Furthermore, it is recommended to record the measurable features used to describe biotopes (e.g. depth, dominant species, substratum) and to avoid imposing a classification hierarchy where the concepts and methods of defining them are different. Indeed, one can let users create the most parsimonious classification for their purposes.KEY WORDS: Methods · Biogeography · Ocean · Biotope · Seascape · Eco-informatics · Biodiversity Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher Contribution to the Theme Section 'Conservation and management of deep-sea corals and coral reefs'OPEN PEN ACCESS CCESS

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The basis for boundaries in pelagic biogeography

Cited by 26 publications

References 8 publications

Phylogeography of the Planktonic Chaetognath Sagitta Setosa Reveals Isolation in European Seas

Phylogeography of the Planktonic Chaetognath Sagitta Setosa Reveals Isolation in European Seas

Annotated list of marine alien species in the Mediterranean with records of the worst invasive species

Distinguishing marine habitat classification concepts for ecological data management

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