The basis and management of metabolic abnormalities associated with cardiovascular risk in human immunodeficiency virus infection and its treatment

Crook, Martin

doi:10.1258/000456307780480828

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…It is also involved in several essential CNS functions such as membrane trafficking, signal transduction, myelin formation, and synaptogenesis. [3][4][5] Lipid abnormalities are of longstanding clinical concern in treating HIV, 6 particularly hypocholesterolemia (HypoCHL), which is a prevalent comorbidity of HIV, even in the early stages. Compared to the general population, people living with HIV (PLWH) suffer a greater prevalence (40%)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variable cognitive benefits in HAART-treated patients: are aging and low cholesterol linked?

Míguez‐Burbano¹

2010

NBHIV

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Since a sizeable portion of the brain is composed of cholesterol, which serves various vital functions, we investigated interrelationships among hypocholesterolemia (HypoCHL  150 mg/dL) and neurocognitive impairment for people living with HIV (PLWH). Methods: Fasting blood samples were obtained in 125 PLWH younger than 45 years of age (Group 1) and 40 PLWH older than 46 years old (Group 2) at baseline and after 24 weeks on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Participants with HypoCHL were compared with non-HypoCHL on learning/memory (California Verbal Learning Test = CVLT) and global neurocognitive status (HIV Dementia Scale = HDS). Results: HypoCHL was prevalent in Group 1 (35%) and Group 2 (30%) and associated with lower CVLT (P = 0.03) and HDS (P = 0.02) scores. After HAART in Group 1, non-HypoCHL subjects improved in every neurocognitive parameter, but progress was limited and non-significant in the HypoCHL subjects. Despite better adherence and lower viral loads (P = 0.05) exhibited by Group 2, the HypoCHL participants showed declines in HDS scores (-2.5) and total CVLT (-0.86 words). After adjusting for relevant variables, HypoCHL subjects from Group 1 showed a threefold increased risk for scoring in the dementia range (P  0.01), and the risk was even higher for HypoCHL participants in Group 2 (OR = 5.0, 95% CI: 1.25-21.3, P = 0.008). Conclusions: The association of HypoCHL with limited HAART neurocognitive recovery and even a continuous decline indicates the importance of restoring lipid balance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variable cognitive benefits in HAART-treated patients: are aging and low cholesterol linked?

Míguez‐Burbano¹

2010

NBHIV

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“…Different studies on lipid profiles in different countries show variations in their results. A study by Crook [ 34 ] showed that HIV infection is normally associated with hypocholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and low plasma HDLC levels. Another study by Pynka et al [ 35 ] showed that there was no significant difference in TC and LDL levels between HIV-infected and healthy controls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CD4 Cell Counts, Lipid Profile, and Oral Manifestations in HIV-Infected and AIDS Patients

Koduri

Malathi²,

Kv³

et al. 2020

fid

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Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate CD4 cell counts, lipid profile, and oral manifestations in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients and their correlation with seronegative controls. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional, hospital-based study, there were three groups of subjects: group A consisting of 500 healthy patients (controls), group B composed of 500 HIV-infected patients, and group C comprised of 500 AIDS patients based on their CD4 cell counts. CD4 cell counts were assessed using the CyFlow counter. Lipid profile was evaluated with the Erba EM 360 analyzer. Results: The results were statistically significant for CD4 cell counts (P<0.001). The levels of total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) were significantly decreased while triglycerides (TGs) and very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) were significantly increased in AIDS patients compared to the controls and HIV-infected patients. Various results were obtained regarding oral manifestations with different levels of significance. Conclusion: CD4 cell counts, TC, LDLs, TGs, and VLDLs were significantly changed in HIV-infected and AIDS patients compared to the controls.

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“…The Data Collection on Adverse Events of Anti-HIV Drugs (D:A:D) study found that among HIV-infected individuals, even after adjustment for changes in lipids, there was increased risk of myocardial infarction with protease inhibitor (PI) use10. HIV-infection or cART may also change nontraditional or emerging risk factors for CHD, including inflammatory markers, clotting factors, apolipoproteins, lipoprotein (a), oxidative stress, non-esterified fatty acids, and homocysteine (Hcy)11.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Homocysteine Is Not Associated With HIV Serostatus or Antiretroviral Therapy in Women

Raiszadeh

Hoover

Lee

et al. 2009

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

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Background The effects of HIV serostatus and combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) on plasma homocysteine (Hcy) are uncertain. Methods Plasma Hcy was assayed in a cross-sectional study of 249 HIV-infected and 127 HIV-uninfected women at the Bronx Women’s Interagency HIV Study site. Results Mean plasma Hcy was 7.42 ± 2.68 in HIV-infected and 7.18 ± 2.66 µmol/L in HIV-uninfected women (P = 0.40). Hyperhomocysteinemia (defined as Hcy > 10 µmol/L) was seen in 16.9% and 13.4 % of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women, respectively (P=0.45). Among HIV-infected women, cART use was not associated with Hcy level. Compared to the lowest quartile, women with Hcy in the highest quartile had lower mean serum vitamin B12 and RBC folate levels. In multivariate analysis that did not include micronutrient levels, age, serum creatinine and lower CD4% were significantly associated with plasma Hcy level in HIV-infected women. Conclusions Plasma Hcy was not associated with HIV serostatus or use of cART in this cross-sectional study. Reduced availability of folate cofactors for Hcy remethylation in HIV-infected women with lower folate intake and decreased health status may influence Hcy levels.

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The basis and management of metabolic abnormalities associated with cardiovascular risk in human immunodeficiency virus infection and its treatment

Cited by 7 publications

References 94 publications

Variable cognitive benefits in HAART-treated patients: are aging and low cholesterol linked?

Variable cognitive benefits in HAART-treated patients: are aging and low cholesterol linked?

CD4 Cell Counts, Lipid Profile, and Oral Manifestations in HIV-Infected and AIDS Patients

Plasma Homocysteine Is Not Associated With HIV Serostatus or Antiretroviral Therapy in Women

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