The basics of bio-flocs technology: The added value for aquaculture

Schryver, Peter De; Crab, Roselien; Defoirdt, Tom; Boon, Nico; Verstraete, Willy

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.02.019

Cited by 687 publications

(565 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…Changes in the amount of TSS in culture water, over time, shows the development of the system. Hence, TSS is considered to be an indicator for quantitative evaluation of culture system (De Schryver et al 2008). It has been reported that the optimal amount of TSS for shrimp culture is approximately between 200 and 400 mg L -1 (Plínio et al 2015;Xu et al 2016) and further increases in TSS level could cause gill irritation of organisms and biological oxygen demand (BOD) creates more stresses in shrimp (Beveridge et al 1991;Hargreaves 2006;Brune et al 2003;Ray et al 2010), whereas lower amounts of TSS could cause growth reduction of shrimp (Samocha et al 2004a;Ekasari et al 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of dietary soybean meal as fish meal replacer for juvenile whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei reared in biofloc system

et al. 2017

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Different levels of dietary soybean meal (SBM) as a fish meal (FM) replacer, with and without amino acid supplementation, for whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei reared in the biofloc system was examined in eight weeks of feeding trial. Eight experimental diets consisted of a basal diet with 0% FM replacement by SBM provided in clear sea water without biofloc system (S 0 SW), four diets replacing FM at 0% (S 0 ), 33% (S 33 ), 67% (S 67 ) and 100% (S 100 ) by SBM, and three diets replacing FM at 33% (S 33 A), 67% (S 67 A) and 100% (S 100 A) by SBM supplemented with amino acids (methionine and lysine) in the seawater biofloc system. Results of water quality analyses showed significantly lower total suspended solids and nitrate for S 0 SW group than all other treatments. Diets S 0 and S 33 A resulted in higher weight gain and specific growth rate among all groups, with no significant differences with S 33 group. In addition, whole-body protein and amino acid compositions of shrimp fed S 0 SW were lower than most biofloc groups. Haemolymph parameters showed significant differences in total protein, cholesterol and triglyceride between groups S 0 and S 0 SW. Also, superoxide dismutase activity showed a decreasing trend with increasing replacement level. In conclusion, based on these results, SBM could replace up to 33% of FM with or without amino acid supplementation in juvenile whiteleg shrimp diets reared in the biofloc system.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of dietary soybean meal as fish meal replacer for juvenile whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei reared in biofloc system

et al. 2017

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“…Moreover, the intensification will lead to heavy dependence on fish meal which is a scarce commodity, disease outbreaks in the cultured organisms, environmental degradation, and socioeconomic conflicts. In an attempt to minimize the impact of the environmental, health, and economic problems associated with aquaculture, BFT has become increasingly popular as a sustainable alternative for intensification (Avnimelech 1999(Avnimelech , 2006Crab et al 2007;De Schryver et al 2008). The requirements for sustainable and eco-friendly aquaculture development can be fulfilled by the use of biofloc technology.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biofloc technology (BFT) has been successfully implemented in aquaculture especially shrimp farming due to economical, environmental, and marketing advantages over a conventional culture system. Compared to conventional aquaculture techniques, biofloc technology provides more economical alternative and sustainable technique in terms of minimal water exchange and reduced feed input making it a low-cost sustainable technology for sustainable future aquaculture development (Avnimelech and Kochba 2009;De Schryver et al 2008). As a startup for biofloc technology, it might be interesting to investigate the effect of adding nucleation sites to the lined ponds which include adding calculated amounts of pond bottom clay to the water at startup to stimulate floc formation.…”

Section: Biofloc Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…L. vannamei production rates and water quality were maintained without water exchange using a biofloc system supplemented with dextrose or molasses (Antonio et al 2015). According to Avnimelech (2007) and Emerenciano et al (2013b), the bioflocs are rich in natural protein and lipid and hence serve as natural in situ food for culture organisms while at the same times act as bio-control to the system by treating the feeding waste and reducing ammonium concentrations (Crab et al 2007;De Schryver et al 2008;Hargreaves 2013) thereby maintaining the water quality. However, further research should focus on the use of cheap and fermented non-conventional agro-industrial residues as carbon sources to upgrade wastes as healthy feeds and to find means of fish meal replacement for the aquatic organisms.…”

Section: Nutritional Composition Of Bioflocsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of beneficial features are associated with biofloc technology along with 10-20% potential feed gain as estimated by application of biofloc technology (Crab et al 2007;De Schryver et al 2008) to nitrogen recovery from the culture system. This increase was based on the internal recirculation of nutrients through the formation of new microbial biomass, which was subsequently grazed by the fish (Avnimelech 2006).…”

Section: Bioflocs In Aquaculture: Future Prospectusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biofloc technology: an emerging avenue in aquatic animal healthcare and nutrition

et al. 2017

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Biofloc is a conglomeric aggregation of microbial communities such as phytoplankton, bacteria, and living and dead particulate organic matter. Biofloc technology involves manipulation of C/N ratio to convert toxic nitrogenous wastes into the useful microbial protein and helps in improving water quality under a zero water exchange system. It may act as a complete source of nutrition for aquatic organisms, along with some bioactive compounds that will enhance growth, survival, and defense mechanisms, and acts as a novel approach for health management in aquaculture by stimulating innate immune system of animals. Nutritionally, the floc biomass provides a complete source of nutrition as well as various bioactive compounds that are useful for improving the overall welfare indicators of aquatic organisms. Beneficial microbial bacterial floc and its derivative compounds such as organic acids, polyhydroxy acetate and polyhydroxy butyrate, could resist the growth of other pathogens, thus serves as a natural probiotic and immunostimulant. The technology is useful in maintaining optimum water quality parameters under a zero water exchange system, thus prevents eutrophication and effluent discharge into the surrounding environment. Moreover, the technology will be useful to ensure biosecurity, as there is no water exchange except sludge removal. The technology is economically viable, environmentally sustainable, and socially acceptable.

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Hydrodynamic coupling in microbially mediated fracture mineralization: Formation of self-organized groundwater flow channels

et al. 2014

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[1] Evidence of fossilized microorganisms embedded within mineral veins and mineralfilled fractures has been observed in a wide range of geological environments. Microorganisms can act as sites for mineral nucleation and also contribute to mineral precipitation by inducing local geochemical changes. In this study, we explore fundamental controls on microbially induced mineralization in rock fractures. Specifically, we systematically investigate the influence of hydrodynamics (velocity, flow rate, and aperture) on microbially mediated calcite precipitation. Our experimental results demonstrate that a feedback mechanism exists between the gradual reduction in fracture aperture due to precipitation, and its effect on the local fluid velocity. This feedback results in mineral-fill distributions that focus flow into a small number of self-organizing channels that remain open, ultimately controlling the final aperture profile that governs flow within the fracture. This hydrodynamic coupling can explain field observations of discrete groundwater flow channeling within fracture-fill mineral geometries where strong evidence of microbial activity is reported.

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The basics of bio-flocs technology: The added value for aquaculture

Cited by 687 publications

References 105 publications

Evaluation of dietary soybean meal as fish meal replacer for juvenile whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei reared in biofloc system

Evaluation of dietary soybean meal as fish meal replacer for juvenile whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei reared in biofloc system

Biofloc technology: an emerging avenue in aquatic animal healthcare and nutrition

Hydrodynamic coupling in microbially mediated fracture mineralization: Formation of self-organized groundwater flow channels

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