The basic reproduction ratio of HIV among intravenous drug users

Correlation between HIV and HCV in Brazilian prisoners: evidence for parenteral transmission inside prison

“…1,9 They can also be used to provide good estimations of the intensity of HIV transmission based upon information collected through risk behavior questionnaires. 10 The use of such techniques raised the suspicion of active HIV transmission inside the prison. As shown in Figure 3, the incidence rate of HIV (measured as the average number of HIV seroconversion per susceptible individual per year) increases with time of imprisonment, reaching its maximum around 3 years.…”

Is human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome decreasing among Brazilian injection drug users? Recent findings and how to interpret them

“…With the sole exception of some applications of mathematical modeling (Massad et al 1994), analyses of the epidemic trends in Brazilian IDUs have been entirely dependent on serial cross-sectional surveys (Mesquita et al 2001) and data from major Brazilian databanks, such as the Brazilian Ministry of Health National AIDS Notification System (SINAN-AIDS) (Szwarcwald et al 1998).…”

Vectorial capacity, basic reproduction number, force of infection and all that: formal notation to complete and adjust their classical concepts and equations

“…It was when George Macdonald proposed his expression for what he defined as the "basic reproduction rate" (R 0 ) of malaria. In his words, it is defined as the number of secondary cases produced by a single infected individual (index case) along his/her infectious period in an entirely susceptible population (Macdonald 1952a, Dietz 1993, Massad et al 1994, 2010, Heesterbeek 2002, Lopez et al 2002, Burattini et al 2008. His derivation of R 0 is as follows.…”