The Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Projection System in Mice

Záborszky, László; Pol, Anothony van den; Gyengési, Erika

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-369497-3.10028-7

Cited by 154 publications

(189 citation statements)

References 344 publications

(302 reference statements)

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“…Using a double strategy of recording the location of putative contact sites between identified axons and cholinergic profiles, as well as identifying the presence of synapses in representative cases under the electron microscope, we get a fairly good idea about the extent of potential transmitter interactions in the BF (for references, see Zaborszky et al, 2012). Although noradrenergic and dopaminergic axons contact cholinergic neurons in extensive portions of the BF, most of the forebrain afferents (cortical, amygdaloid, striatal) and several peptide-containing axons appear to have a preferential distribution across cytoarchitectonically defined BF regions; thus a specific input can contact only a subset of neurons.…”

Section: Afferents In the Basal Forebrain Show Regionally Restricted mentioning

confidence: 99%

Organization of the Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Projection System

Záborszky

Duque

Gielow

et al. 2015

The Rat Nervous System

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Section: Afferents In the Basal Forebrain Show Regionally Restricted mentioning

confidence: 99%

Organization of the Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Projection System

Záborszky

Duque

Gielow

et al. 2015

The Rat Nervous System

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“…Reflecting the seemingly diffuse organization of this projection system, functional conceptualizations traditionally have described acetylcholine (ACh) as a neuromodulator that influences broadly defined behavioral and cognitive processes such as wakefulness, arousal, and gating of input processing (1,2). However, anatomical studies have revealed a topographic organization of BF cholinergic cell bodies with highly segregated cortical projection patterns (3)(4)(5)(6)(7). Such an anatomical organization favors hypotheses describing the cholinergic mediation of discrete cognitive-behavioral processes.…”

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confidence: 98%

Cortical cholinergic signaling controls the detection of cues

Gritton

Howe

Mallory

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

179

208

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The cortical cholinergic input system has been described as a neuromodulator system that influences broadly defined behavioral and brain states. The discovery of phasic, trial-based increases in extracellular choline (transients), resulting from the hydrolysis of newly released acetylcholine (ACh), in the cortex of animals reporting the presence of cues suggests that ACh may have a more specialized role in cognitive processes. Here we expressed channelrhodopsin or halorhodopsin in basal forebrain cholinergic neurons of mice with optic fibers directed into this region and prefrontal cortex. Cholinergic transients, evoked in accordance with photostimulation parameters determined in vivo, were generated in mice performing a task necessitating the reporting of cue and noncue events. Generating cholinergic transients in conjunction with cues enhanced cue detection rates. Moreover, generating transients in noncued trials, where cholinergic transients normally are not observed, increased the number of invalid claims for cues. Enhancing hits and generating false alarms both scaled with stimulation intensity. Suppression of endogenous cholinergic activity during cued trials reduced hit rates. Cholinergic transients may be essential for synchronizing cortical neuronal output driven by salient cues and executing cue-guided responses.V irtually all cortical regions and layers receive inputs from cholinergic neurons originating in the nucleus basalis of Meynert, the substantia innominata, and the diagonal band of the basal forebrain (BF). Reflecting the seemingly diffuse organization of this projection system, functional conceptualizations traditionally have described acetylcholine (ACh) as a neuromodulator that influences broadly defined behavioral and cognitive processes such as wakefulness, arousal, and gating of input processing (1, 2). However, anatomical studies have revealed a topographic organization of BF cholinergic cell bodies with highly segregated cortical projection patterns (3-7). Such an anatomical organization favors hypotheses describing the cholinergic mediation of discrete cognitive-behavioral processes. Studies assessing the behavioral effects of cholinergic lesions, recording from or stimulating BF neurons in behaving animals have supported such hypotheses, proposing that cholinergic activity enhances sensory coding and mediates the ability of reward-predicting stimuli to control behavior (8-17).In separate experiments using two different tasks, we reported the presence of phasic cholinergic release events (transients) in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of rodents trained to report the presence of cues (18,19). These studies used choline-sensitive microelectrodes to measure changes in extracellular choline concentrations that reflect the hydrolysis of newly released ACh by endogenous acetylcholinesterase (SI Results and Discussion). Importantly, such cholinergic transients were not observed in trials in which cues were missed and in which the absence of a cue was correctly reported and rewarded. Cho...

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“…The basal forebrain is located close to the medial and ventral surfaces of the cerebral hemispheres and has been implicated in cortical activation, attention, motivation, memory and neuropsychiatric disorders [1,2]. In the last decades, the development of new anatomical techniques such as immunohistochemistry and neuroimaging brought into sharper focus the human basal forebrain structures, especially the ventral striatopallidal system, the extended amygdala and the NBM [3,4,5].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The extended amygdala consists of subpallidal cell bridges extending from the centromedial nuclei of the amygdala medially and rostrally through the substantia innominata into the medial portion of the Acc and BNST. The Acc occupies a central position in the functional interplay between these compartments of the basal forebrain and between the basal forebrain and the other brain regions [2,42,43]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The basal forebrain is a collection of heterogeneous and continuous structures located close to the medial and ventral surface of the cerebral hemisphere [1,2]. Its main part, previously referred to as the substantia innominata, is composed of the nucleus accumbens (Acc), the extended amygdala/bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) and the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) [3,4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Nucleus Accumbens beyond the Anterior Commissure: Implications for Psychosurgery

Neto¹,

Mourato²,

Neto³

et al. 2014

Stereotact Funct Neurosurg

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Introduction: The nucleus accumbens (Acc) is a basal forebrain structure integrated in the dopaminergic cerebral rewarding circuits and implicated in some neuropsychiatric disorders. It has become a target for deep brain stimulation for some of these disorders when refractory to medical treatment. However, it is controversial as to which target is the best and similar results have been achieved with the stimulation of neighboring structures such as the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST). Previous studies have established the stereotactic anatomy of the human Acc, but some difficulties remain concerning its precise posterior limit, which is assumed to be at the level of the anterior commissure (AC). It is our purpose to clarify the anatomy of this zone, given the importance of its exact identification in psychosurgery. Methods: A total of 16 Acc were collected by autopsy, fixed, dissected, embedded and cut in coronal 5-µm slices. The slices were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, marked with anti-D1 and anti-D2 antibodies and analyzed under a microscope. Results: The human Acc has the same cellular structure as the dorsal striatum, except in its posterior subcommissural part where voluminous neurons prevail, similar to and contiguous with the BNST. Conclusions: The Acc is longer than previously described, with a sub- and postcommissural extension behind the AC, continuous with the BNST.

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The Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Projection System in Mice

Cited by 154 publications

References 344 publications

Organization of the Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Projection System

Organization of the Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Projection System

Cortical cholinergic signaling controls the detection of cues

The Nucleus Accumbens beyond the Anterior Commissure: Implications for Psychosurgery

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