The banana weevil,Cosmopolites sordidus(Germar), is a potential vector ofXanthomonas campestrispv.musacearumin bananas

Were, Evans; Nakato, Gloria Valentine; Ocimati, W.; Ramathani, Idd; Olal, Samuel; Beed, Fenton

doi:10.1080/07060661.2015.1113444

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…was relatively low, a fact that could be attributed to the growth of saprophytes in the severely affected and decomposing plants which were assessed at later stages of sampling. Isolation of Xcm from banana plants with advanced disease symptoms has also been reported to be low due to the onset of decomposition and competition from saprophytes (Mwebaze et al, 2006; Were et al, 2015). Koch’s postulates showed, however, that the isolates from Canna sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risks Posed by Intercrops and Weeds as Alternative Hosts to Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum in Banana Fields

et al. 2018

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Alternative host plants are important in the survival and perpetuation of several crop pathogens and have been suspected to play a role in the survival of Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum (Xcm) and perpetuation of Xanthomonas wilt (XW) disease of banana and enset. This study determined the potential risk posed by two weeds (Canna spp. and wild sorghum) and common banana intercrops (maize, millet, sorghum, taro, and sugarcane) as alternative hosts to Xcm. The study employed screenhouse experiments, laboratory procedures and diagnosis of banana fields in XW-affected landscapes. Typical XW symptoms were only observed in artificially inoculated Canna sp., with an incidence of 96%. Leaf lesions characteristic of xanthomonads occurred on millet (50%) and sorghum (35%), though the plants recovered. No symptoms occurred in maize, sugarcane, taro or wild sorghum. However, Xcm was recovered from all these plant species, with higher recoveries in Canna sp. (47%), millet (27%), sugarcane (27%), and wild sorghum (25%). Only isolates recovered from Canna sp., millet, sorghum and wild sorghum caused disease in banana plantlets. The presence and incidence of XW on-farm was positively associated with the presence of susceptible ABB Musa genotypes and negatively with number of banana cultivars on farm and household access to training on XW management. Only 0.02% of field sampled Canna spp. plants had Xcm. Risk posed by Canna spp. on-farm could be limited to tool transmission as it has persistent floral bracts that prevent insect-mediated infections. Given the high susceptibility, perennial nature and propagation through rhizomes of Canna sp., it could pose a moderate-high risk, thus warranting some attention in the management of XW disease. Sugarcane could offer a low-moderate risk due to its perennial nature and propagation through rhizomes while risk from maize, millet, and sorghum was deemed zero-low due to their annual nature, wind-mediated mode of pollination and propagation through seed. Understanding the interactions of a crop pathogen with other plants is thus important when diversifying agroecosystems. The study findings also suggest other factors such as cultivar composition and management of the disease at farm and landscape level to be important in the perpetuation of XW disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risks Posed by Intercrops and Weeds as Alternative Hosts to Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum in Banana Fields

et al. 2018

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“…Were et al . () reported that the banana weevil, Cosmopolites sordidus , was a potential vector of Xcm as a result of the ability of the pathogen to survive on and within the insect.…”

Section: Ecology and Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar observations were made by Shimelash et al (2008) and . Were et al (2015) reported that the banana weevil, Cosmopolites sordidus, was a potential vector of Xcm as a result of the ability of the pathogen to survive on and within the insect. Between distant farms, infected planting material is the main mode of transmission of Xcm .…”

Section: Ecology and Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum: a major constraint to banana, plantain and enset production in central and east Africa over the past decade

Nakato

Mahuku

Coutinho

2017

Molecular Plant Pathology

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“…The movement of X . campestris by weevils has been documented (Were et al ., ), while both nematodes and weevils have also been shown to move Foc from mat to mat (Speijer & Sikora, ). Mealy bugs, the primary vector of BSV, also move primarily within fields.…”

Section: Pests and Pathogens Transmitted Through Banana Planting Matementioning

confidence: 99%

Seed degeneration of banana planting materials: strategies for improved farmer access to healthy seed

et al. 2018

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Vegetatively propagated crops suffer from yield loss and reduced stand density and longevity caused by the build‐up of certain pests and pathogens between successive plantings via infected planting material. Here, six seedborne phytosanitary problems of banana are reviewed to evaluate whether a seed degeneration framework is a useful tool to identify approaches to achieve healthier planting materials. Phytoparasitic nematodes and weevils generate gradual declines in yields and in sucker health. Fusarium wilt and banana bunchy top virus cause progressive mat collapse across the field. Symptomless suckers from any mat in infested fields represent a risk of transmitting the disease to a new field. Xanthomonas and ralstonia wilts, due to incomplete systemicity, are intermediate in their threat to yield loss and frequency of transmission in suckers. Losses to banana streak virus are triggered by abiotic stress, although sucker transmission of episomal banana streak virus also contributes. A qualitative equation described here for seed degeneration covers a cycle beginning with the quality and risk factors of the planting material used to plant a new field and ends with the quality and risk factors of the suckers extracted from the field to plant a new field. This review of five planting material multiplication methods commonly used in banana contrasts their differing usefulness to address seed degeneration in the small farm context. It is proposed that initiatives to offset banana seed degeneration should integrate the role of off‐farm actors into decentralized initiatives rather than attempt to duplicate national seed certification frameworks from other true seed or vegetatively propagated crops.

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The banana weevil,Cosmopolites sordidus(Germar), is a potential vector ofXanthomonas campestrispv.musacearumin bananas

Cited by 14 publications

References 10 publications

Risks Posed by Intercrops and Weeds as Alternative Hosts to Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum in Banana Fields

Risks Posed by Intercrops and Weeds as Alternative Hosts to Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum in Banana Fields

Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum: a major constraint to banana, plantain and enset production in central and east Africa over the past decade

Seed degeneration of banana planting materials: strategies for improved farmer access to healthy seed

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