The Baltic Sea Basin

Rosentau, Alar; Bennike, Ole; Uścinowicz, Szymon; Miotk-Szpiganowicz, Grażyna

doi:10.1002/9781118927823.ch5

Cited by 42 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…, ; Rosentau et al . ). Finds of Lateglacial and early Holocene subfossil pine trees in lakes of northern central Europe have so far been limited to the lakes reported in this paper.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

A submerged pine forest from the early Holocene in the Mecklenburg Lake District, northern Germany

Kaiser

Oldorff²,

Breitbach

et al. 2018

Boreas

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For the first time, evidence of a submerged pine forest from the early Holocene can be documented in a central European lake. Subaquatic tree stumpswere discovered in Lake Giesenschlagsee at a depth of between 2 and 5 m using scuba divers, side-scan sonar and a remotely operated vehicle. Several erect stumps, anchored to the ground by roots, represent an in situ record of this former forest. Botanical determination revealed the stumps to be Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) with an individual tree age of about 80 years. The trees could not be dated by means of dendrochronology, as they are older than the regional reference chronology for pine. Radiocarbon ages from the wood range from 10 880AE210 to 10 370AE130 cal. a BP, which is equivalent to the mid-Preboreal to early Boreal biozones. The trees are rooted in sedge peat, which can be dated to this period as well, using pollen stratigraphical analysis. Tilting of the peat bed by 4 m indicates subsidence of the ground due to local dead ice melting, causing the trees to become submerged and preserved for millennia. Together with recently detected Lateglacial in situ tree occurrences in nearby lakes, the submerged pine forest at Giesenschlagsee represents a new and highly promising type of geo-bio-archive for the wider region. Comparable in situ pine remnants occur at some terrestrial (buried setting) and marine (submerged setting) sites in northern central Europe and beyond, but they partly differ in age. In general, the in situ pine finds document shifts of the zonal boreal forest ecosystem during the late Quaternary.

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“…, ; Rosentau et al . ). Finds of Lateglacial and early Holocene subfossil pine trees in lakes of northern central Europe have so far been limited to the lakes reported in this paper.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

A submerged pine forest from the early Holocene in the Mecklenburg Lake District, northern Germany

Kaiser

Oldorff²,

Breitbach

et al. 2018

Boreas

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“…The Baltic Sea has experienced periods of hypoxia before the most recent expansion, which allows the study of driving mechanisms for hypoxic conditions in the past. During the past 16,000 years, the Baltic Sea basin has undergone several brackish and freshwater phases, due to the interplay of the gradual melting of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet, subsequent glacio-isostatic uplift, and changes in eustatic sea level (Björck, 1995;Andrén et al, 2011;Rosentau et al, 2017). These natural climate-driven processes led to variations in water exchange with the North Sea, which in turn led to variations in salinity, aquatic productivity, and oxygen conditions in the Baltic basin.…”

Section: Historical Hypoxia In the Baltic Seamentioning

confidence: 99%

Middle to Late Holocene Variations in Salinity and Primary Productivity in the Central Baltic Sea: A Multiproxy Study From the Landsort Deep

Wirdum

Andrén

Wienholz³

et al. 2019

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Anthropogenic forcing has led to an increased extent of hypoxic bottom areas in the Baltic Sea during recent decades. The Baltic Sea ecosystem is naturally prone to the development of hypoxic conditions due to its geographical, hydrographical, geological, and climate features. Besides the current spreading of hypoxia, the Baltic Sea has experienced two extensive periods of hypoxic conditions during the Holocene, caused by changing climate conditions during the Holocene Thermal Maximum (HTM; 8-4.8 cal ka BP) and the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA; 1-0.7 cal ka BP). We studied the variations in surface and bottom water salinity and primary productivity and their relative importance for the development and termination of hypoxia by using microfossil and geochemical data from a sediment core retrieved from the Landsort Deep during IODP Expedition 347 (Site M0063). Our findings demonstrate that increased salinity was of major importance for the development of hypoxic conditions during the HTM. In contrast, we could not clearly relate the termination of this hypoxic period to salinity changes. The reconstructed high primary productivity associated with the hypoxic period during the MCA is not accompanied by considerable increases in salinity. Our proxies for salinity show a decreasing trend before, during and after the MCA. Therefore, we suggest that this period of hypoxia is primarily driven by increasing temperatures due to the warmer climate. These results highlight the importance of natural climate driven changes in salinity and primary productivity for the development of hypoxia during a warming climate.

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“…; Rosentau et al . ). The Blekinge area in southeastern Sweden has a long tradition of Baltic Basin sea‐level research, which had already started in the 1800s (De Geer ; Holst ).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The Baltic Basin has undergone large water-level shifts since the deglaciation, with changing outlet areas and alternating fresh and saline stages (e.g. Bj€ orck 1995; Andr en et al 2011; Rosentau et al 2017). The Blekinge area in southeastern Sweden has a long tradition of Baltic Basin sea-level research, which had already started in the 1800s (De Geer 1882;Holst 1899).…”

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confidence: 99%

A new early Holocene shoreline displacement record for Blekinge, southern Sweden, and implications for underwater archaeology

Hansson

Hammarlund

Landeschi

et al. 2018

Boreas

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We present evidence of a submerged early Holocene landscape off the Blekinge coastline in the Baltic Sea, dating to the Yoldia Sea and Initial Littorina Sea Stages when the water level was lower than at present. 14C dated wood remains obtained by surveillance diving and new archaeological findings in combination with bathymetric analyses and interpolations between other sites across the Baltic Sea were used for refinement of the shoreline displacement history of the region. The new results reveal a Yoldia Sea lowstand level at 20 m b.s.l., a subsequent Ancylus Lake highstand at 3 m a.s.l., and then a period of relatively stable water level at about 4 m b.s.l. during the Initial Littorina Sea Stage, several metres lower than previously concluded. The refined shoreline displacement record was used for palaeo‐reconstructions of the study area during four key periods, the Yoldia Sea lowstand phase, the Ancylus Lake transgression phase, the Ancylus Lake highstand phase and the Initial Littorina Sea lowstand phase, using elevation data and map algebra functions. A flow accumulation algorithm was used for reconstruction of the now submerged prehistoric river network in order to identify areas of high archaeological potential. Our revised shoreline displacement record, and especially its lowstand period during the Initial Littorina Sea Stage around 9500–8500 cal. a BP, raises future demands not only for specific archaeological shallow‐water surveys down to 4 m b.s.l. in the area, but also for a renewed cultural heritage management strategy. The results of this study fill an important gap in the early Holocene part of the shoreline displacement history of Blekinge, contributing to its completion since the deglaciation, which is unique for the Baltic Sea.

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The Baltic Sea Basin

Cited by 42 publications

References 76 publications

A submerged pine forest from the early Holocene in the Mecklenburg Lake District, northern Germany

A submerged pine forest from the early Holocene in the Mecklenburg Lake District, northern Germany

Middle to Late Holocene Variations in Salinity and Primary Productivity in the Central Baltic Sea: A Multiproxy Study From the Landsort Deep

A new early Holocene shoreline displacement record for Blekinge, southern Sweden, and implications for underwater archaeology

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