The Baltic Sea Basin: Introduction

Harff, Jan; Björck, Svante; Hoth, Peer

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-17220-5_1

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Similar geological environments and hydrostratigraphic contexts are also found in Fenno-7 Scandinavia (Harff et al, 2011), as well as in the North ofnorthern Germany and Denmark 113 (Scheck and Bayer, 1999; Thomsen et al, 2004). 114…”

Section: Introduction 45supporting

confidence: 62%

“…These results are expected to be of particular interest for areas in similar post-glacial 622 environments and undergoing similar human impacts elsewhere in the world, such as 623 Scandinavia, Denmark, Germany, and the USA (Harff et al, 2011;Scheck and Bayer, 1999; 624 Thomsen et al, 2004;Dyke, 2004). The results will also be useful for provincial and local water 625 management agencies, since it is the first time that regional-scale PhAC and pesticide 626 concentrations are measured in the province of Quebec.…”

Section: Identifying Contaminant Sources With the Anthropogenic Footpmentioning

confidence: 89%

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Regional assessment of concentrations and sources of pharmaceutically active compounds, pesticides, nitrate, and E. coli in post-glacial aquifer environments (Canada)

Saby

Larocque

Pinti

et al. 2017

Science of The Total Environment

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There is growing concern worldwide about the exposure of groundwater resources to pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) and agricultural contaminants, such as pesticides, nitrate, and Escherichia coli. For regions with a low population density and an abundance of water, regional contamination assessments are not carried out systematically due to the typically low concentrations and high costs of analyses. The objectives of this study were to evaluate regional-scale contaminant distributions in untreated groundwater in a rural region of Quebec (Canada). The geological and hydrogeological settings of this region are typical of post-glacial regions around the world, where groundwater flow can be complex due to heterogeneous geological conditions. A new spatially distributed Anthropogenic Footprint Index (AFI), based on land use data, was developed to assess surface pollution risks. The Hydrogeochemical Vulnerability Index (HVI) was computed to estimate aquifer vulnerability. Nine wells had detectable concentrations of one to four of the 13 tested PhACs, with a maximum concentration of 116ng·L for benzafibrate. A total of 34 of the 47 tested pesticides were detected in concentrations equal to or greater than the detection limit, with a maximum total pesticide concentration of 692ng·L. Nitrate concentrations exceeded 1mg·L N-NO in 15.3% of the wells, and the Canadian drinking water standard was exceeded in one well. Overall, 13.5% of the samples had detectable E. coli. Including regional-scale sources of pollutants to the assessment of aquifer vulnerability with the AFI did not lead to the identification of contaminated wells, due to the short groundwater flow paths between recharge and the sampled wells. Given the occurrence of contaminants, the public health concerns stemming from these new data on regional-scale PhAC and pesticide concentrations, and the local flow conditions observed in post-glacial terrains, there is a clear need to investigate the sources and behaviours of local-scale pollutants.

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Section: Introduction 45supporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Identifying Contaminant Sources With the Anthropogenic Footpmentioning

confidence: 89%

Regional assessment of concentrations and sources of pharmaceutically active compounds, pesticides, nitrate, and E. coli in post-glacial aquifer environments (Canada)

Saby

Larocque

Pinti

et al. 2017

Science of The Total Environment

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“…Remarkably, fjord ecosystems have notable similarities with the Baltic Sea: both originated by glacial retreat, represent enclosed estuaries with high freshwater input and restricted exchange with saline oceanic water leading to estuarine circulations, and both feature deep basins with mostly hypoxic conditions (Harff, Björck, & Hoth, ; Howe et al., ). Thus, similar adaptations may be required for successful colonization of the Baltic Sea and fjord ecosystems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome architecture enables local adaptation of Atlantic cod despite high connectivity

et al. 2017

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Adaptation to local conditions is a fundamental process in evolution; however, mechanisms maintaining local adaptation despite high gene flow are still poorly understood. Marine ecosystems provide a wide array of diverse habitats that frequently promote ecological adaptation even in species characterized by strong levels of gene flow. As one example, populations of the marine fish Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) are highly connected due to immense dispersal capabilities but nevertheless show local adaptation in several key traits. By combining population genomic analyses based on 12K single nucleotide polymorphisms with larval dispersal patterns inferred using a biophysical ocean model, we show that Atlantic cod individuals residing in sheltered estuarine habitats of Scandinavian fjords mainly belong to offshore oceanic populations with considerable connectivity between these diverse ecosystems. Nevertheless, we also find evidence for discrete fjord populations that are genetically differentiated from offshore populations, indicative of local adaptation, the degree of which appears to be influenced by connectivity. Analyses of the genomic architecture reveal a significant overrepresentation of a large~5 Mb chromosomal rearrangement in fjord cod, previously proposed to comprise genes critical for the survival at low salinities. This suggests that despite considerable connectivity with offshore populations, local adaptation to fjord environments may be enabled by suppression of recombination in the rearranged region. Our study provides new insights into the potential of local adaptation in high gene flow species within fine geographical scales and highlights the importance of genome architecture in analyses of ecological adaptation. K E Y W O R D Schromosomal inversion, ecological adaptation, Gadus morhua, gene flow, population divergence ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. | INTRODUCTIONLocal adaptation characterizes populations that experience higher inherited fitness in their native habitat compared to members of other populations transferred to the same environment (Kawecki & Ebert, 2004). The degree of such ecological adaptation depends on the directional selection of advantageous traits and is counteracted by high connectivity and resulting homogenizing gene flow, implicating a limited potential for local adaptation in populations experiencing high gene flow (Dobzhansky, 1937;Mayr, 1942;Wright, 1931).Although environmental adaptation can also involve gene expression-induced plastic responses such as morphological, physiological or behavioural changes, these occur without genotypic changes (Reusch, 2014;Via et al., 1995).Most marine fish populations have traditionally been regar...

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“…The Baltic Sea is the largest semi-enclosed sea in the World that is typically viewed as composed of basins and straits with complex physical, biochemical and ecological properties [24,29,30]. It is a shallow and brackish sea located in northern Europe from 53°N to 66°N latitude and from 20°E to 26°E longitude (Figure 1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%