The ball on three balls test for strength testing of brittle discs: Part II: analysis of possible errors in the strength determination

Börger, Andreas; Supancic, Peter; Dänzer, Robert

doi:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2003.10.035

Cited by 168 publications

(100 citation statements)

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“…This leads to a stress state of threefold rotational symmetry. Since higher tensile stresses occur between the balls, [9][10][11] the location of fracture is predefined. The diameter of both loading and supporting ball is d K ¼ 2.5 mm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For that reason, no surface finishing of the specimen is necessary. The applicability of the B3B to brittle materials was introduced by Börger et al [9] to evaluate the strength of a material by mechanical testing. The specimen is loaded displacement controlled with a constant displacement rate of _ u ¼ 0:05 mm min À1 until the specimen fails.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of the Specimen Manufacturing Process on the Strength of Carbon‐Bonded Alumina (Al₂O₃–C)

et al. 2017

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Open cell ceramic foam filters are used for metal melt filtration to reduce non-metallic inclusions. A new generation of multifunctional filters made of carbon-bonded alumina is investigated within the Collaborative Research Center CRC 920. These filters have to withstand high thermal and mechanical loads. Motivated by the problem of the filters integrity, a mechanical characterization of the bulk material is necessary. In the Ball On Three Balls Test (B3B) miniaturized disk-shaped specimens are loaded with a spherically tipped punch until failure occurs. With the help of the measured load displacement curve the fracture stress is calculated and analyzed by means of WEIBULL distribution.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the Specimen Manufacturing Process on the Strength of Carbon‐Bonded Alumina (Al₂O₃–C)

et al. 2017

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“…glasses, ceramics) [27][28][29], and has also been applied to cemented carbides [23,30,31], and even metal alloys [32], due to some advantages compared to the most common standardized tests, such as 3-point and 4-point bending. Specifically, the main advantages include ease preparation of test samples, high tolerance for some out of flatness of the disc and/or misalignment, much lower friction than in the other common tests, possibility of using small test specimens (even with irregular shape and closer to the real workpiece geometry), absence of tensile loaded edges, among others [23,25,27,28,33]. The main disadvantage of the B3B method is that the load is concentrated in a very small location of the sample and, thus, larger critical defects may not be sampled during the tests.…”

Section: Evaluation Of the Mechanical Strengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of temperature on the biaxial strength of cemented carbides with different microstructures

Chicardi

Bermejo

Gotor

et al. 2018

International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials

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Abstract. The effect of the temperature on the mechanical strength of WC-Co cemented carbides with different microstructures (grain size and binder content) was evaluated. Biaxial flexural tests were performed on three cemented carbide grades at 600°C using the ball-on-three-balls (B3B) method. Results were interpreted by Weibull statistics and compared to biaxial strength results at room temperature. A detailed fractographic analysis, supported by Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics, was performed to differentiate the nature and size of critical defects and the mechanism responsible for the fracture. A significant decrease in the mechanical strength (around 30%) was observed at 600ºC for all grades of cemented carbides. This fact was ascribed to the change in the critical flaw population from sub-surface (at room temperature) to surface defects, associated with the selective oxidation of Co. Additionally, an estimation of the fracture toughness at 600°C was attempted for the three cemented carbides, based upon the B3B strength results, the corresponding number of the tested specimens fragments and the macroscopic area of the B3B fracture surfaces. The fracture toughness was not ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T2 affected by the temperature, at least up to 600ºC. In addition, the good agreement with the Single Edge Notch Beam toughness data suggests the possibility of employing this approach for fracture toughness evaluation of brittle materials under different testing conditions.

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“…The flexural strength was measured under uniaxial stress using the ball on three balls test (B3B-test) [24][25][26][27][28], where a disc specimen is supported on three balls and loaded symmetrically by a fourth ball. In this loading situation, the three-point support guarantees three well-defined point contacts.…”

Section: Mechanical Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the midpoint of the disc surface opposite of the loading ball, a biaxial tensile stress state exists, which is used for the biaxial strength testing. This test has been recognised to be tolerant for imperfect disc flatness, an imperfection in other small geometries or some misalignment [24,25].…”

Section: Mechanical Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of sintering time on the microstructure and mechanical properties of (Ti,Ta)(C,N)-based cermets

Chicardi

Torres

Córdoba

et al. 2013

International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials

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Complete solid-solution cermets based on titanium-tantalum carbonitride using a starting nominal composition with 80 wt.% of (Ti 0.8 Ta 0.2 )(C 0.5 N 0.5 ) and 20 wt.% of Co were performed by pressure-less sintering at 1550 ºC for different times (from 0 to 180 min) in an inert atmosphere. Chemical and phase analyses were conducted using X-ray diffraction (XRD), elemental analysis and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX).The binder mean free path and the contiguity of the carbonitride particles were used to rationalise the microstructural effects of the mechanical behaviour. Mechanical characterisation included determining the Vickers hardness, the fracture toughness (conventional indentation microfractures, IM), the dynamic Young's modulus (ultrasonic technique), the biaxial strength (ball on three ball) and a detailed fractographic examination. Finally, the experimental findings were combined with a theoretical fracture mechanics analysis to estimate the critical processing flaw sizes.Binder-less carbonitride clusters, pores and coarse carbonitride grains were the main defects observed and were responsible for the fractures.

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The ball on three balls test for strength testing of brittle discs: Part II: analysis of possible errors in the strength determination

Cited by 168 publications

References 4 publications

Influence of the Specimen Manufacturing Process on the Strength of Carbon‐Bonded Alumina (Al₂O₃–C)

Influence of the Specimen Manufacturing Process on the Strength of Carbon‐Bonded Alumina (Al₂O₃–C)

Influence of temperature on the biaxial strength of cemented carbides with different microstructures

Effect of sintering time on the microstructure and mechanical properties of (Ti,Ta)(C,N)-based cermets

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The ball on three balls test for strength testing of brittle discs: Part II: analysis of possible errors in the strength determination

Cited by 168 publications

References 4 publications

Influence of the Specimen Manufacturing Process on the Strength of Carbon‐Bonded Alumina (Al2O3–C)

Influence of the Specimen Manufacturing Process on the Strength of Carbon‐Bonded Alumina (Al2O3–C)

Influence of temperature on the biaxial strength of cemented carbides with different microstructures

Effect of sintering time on the microstructure and mechanical properties of (Ti,Ta)(C,N)-based cermets

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Influence of the Specimen Manufacturing Process on the Strength of Carbon‐Bonded Alumina (Al₂O₃–C)

Influence of the Specimen Manufacturing Process on the Strength of Carbon‐Bonded Alumina (Al₂O₃–C)