The Baikal underwater neutrino telescope: Design, performance, and first results

Белолаптиков, И. А.; Bezrukov, L.; Borisovets, B. A.; Буднев, Н.; Bugaev, É. V.; Chensky, A. G.; Danilchenko, I. A.; Djilkibaev, J. A. M.; Dobrynin, V. I.; Domogatsky, G.; Donskych, L.A.; Дорошенко, А. А.; Dudkin, G. N.; Egorov, V.Yu.; Fialkovsky, S.V.; Garus, A. A.; Gaponenko, A.; Голиков, А.В.; Gress, O.; Gress, T.; Gushtan, M.N.; Heller, René; Kabikov, V.B.; Heukenkamp, H.; Karle, A.; Klabukov, A. M.; Klimov, A. I.; Klimushin, S.I.; Кошечкин, А. П.; Krabi, J.; Kulepov, V.F.; Kuzmichöv, L. A.; Lanin, O. Yu.; Lopin, A.L.; Лубсандоржиев, Б.; Milenin, M.B.; Mikolajski, T.; Миргазов, Р. Р.; Мороз, А. В.; Moseiko, N. I.; Nemchenko, M.N; Никифоров, С. А.; Ogievetsky, N.V.; Osipova, E.; Padusenko, A.N; Панфилов, А. И.; Parfenov, Yu. V.; Pavlov, A. A.; Петухов, Д. П.; Pocheikin, K. A.; Pokhil, P. G.; Pokolev, P. A.; Rosanov, M.; Rubzov, V.Yu.; Rzhestshitski, A.V; Sinegovsky, S. I.; Sokalski, I. A.; Spiering, C.; Streicher, O.; Sumanov, A.A.; Tanko, L.; Thon, T.; Tarashanski, B.A; Trofimenko, I.I.; Wiebusch, C. H.; Wischnewski, R.; Зурбанов, В. Л.

doi:10.1016/s0927-6505(97)00022-4

Cited by 256 publications

(153 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…8. A sample of MC-events from atmospheric muons has been generated (see, for details [5,6,11]), taking into account the features of prototype string measuring system and actual counting rates of optical modules.…”

Section: Prototypes Of Gvd Stringmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Status of the Baikal-GVD project

Avrorin¹,

Aynutdinov²,

Bannasch³

et al. 2012

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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a b s t r a c tThe construction of a km 3 -scale neutrino telescope -the Gigaton Volume Detector (GVD) in Lake Baikal -is the central goal of the Baikal collaboration. During the R&D phase of the GVD project in 2008-2010 years the basic elements of GVD -new optical modules, FADC readout units, underwater communications and trigger systems -have been developed, produced and tested in situ by long-term operating prototype strings in Lake Baikal. The prototyping phase of the GVD project has been started in April 2011 with the installation of a three string array (prototype cluster) which comprises all basic elements and systems of the GVD-telescope in Lake Baikal. We describe configuration and technical design of the GVD, present selected results obtained during 2008-2010 with prototype strings, and describe configuration and design of the 2011 prototype cluster.

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Section: Prototypes Of Gvd Stringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first generation Baikal Neutrino Telescope NT200 is operating in Lake Baikal since April 1998 [5][6][7][8]. NT200 consists of eight 72 m long strings, each with 24 pairwise arranged optical modules (OMs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Status of the Baikal-GVD project

Avrorin¹,

Aynutdinov²,

Bannasch³

et al. 2012

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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“…DUMAND, the pioneering project located off the coast of Hawaii, demonstrated that muons could be detected by this technique [30], but the planned detector was never realized. A detector composed of 96 photomultiplier tubes located deep in Lake Baikal was the first to demonstrate the detection of neutrino-induced muons in natural water [31,32]. In the following years, NT-200 will be operated as a neutrino telescope with an effective area between 10 3 -5 × 10 3 m 2 , depending on energy.…”

Section: High Energy Neutrino Telescopesmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Energy Neutrino Astronomy: Science and First Results

Halzen

2003

The Early Universe and the Cosmic Microwave Background: Theory and Observations

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Abstract.We introduce neutrino astronomy starting from the observational fact that Nature accelerates protons and photons to energies in excess of 10 20 and 10 13 eV, respectively. Although the discovery of cosmic rays dates back a century, we do not know how and where they are accelerated. We review the observations as well as speculations about the sources. Among these gamma ray bursts and active galaxies represent well-motivated speculations because these are also the sources of the highest energy gamma rays, with emission observed up to 20 TeV, possibly higher.We discuss why cosmic accelerators are expected to be cosmic beam dumps producing neutrino beams associated with the highest energy cosmic rays. Cosmic ray sources may produce neutrinos from MeV to EeV energy by a variety of mechanisms. The important conclusion is that, independently of the specific blueprint of the source, it takes a kilometer-scale neutrino observatory to detect the neutrino beam associated with the highest energy cosmic rays and gamma rays. The technology for commissioning such instrument has been established by the AMANDA detector at the South Pole. We review its performance and, with several thousand neutrinos collected, its first scientific results.

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“…With the termination of the pioneering DUMAND experiment, the efforts in water are, at present, spearheaded by the Baikal experiment [3]. The Baikal Neutrino Telescope is deployed in Lake Baikal, Siberia, 3.6 km from shore at a depth of 1.1 km.…”

Section: Large Naturalcerenkov Detectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A detector composed of about ninety photomultiplier tubes (or optical modules) located deep in Lake Baikal was the first to demonstrate the detection of neutrino-induced muons in natural water [3]. The European collaborations ANTARES [4] and NESTOR [5] plan to deploy largearea detectors in the Mediterranean Sea within the next few years.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

High Energy Neutrino Astronomy: Towards Kilometer-Scale Detectors

Halzen

2001

Current Topics in Astrofundamental Physics: The Cosmic Microwave Background

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The Baikal underwater neutrino telescope: Design, performance, and first results

Cited by 256 publications

References 16 publications

Status of the Baikal-GVD project

Status of the Baikal-GVD project

High-Energy Neutrino Astronomy: Science and First Results

High Energy Neutrino Astronomy: Towards Kilometer-Scale Detectors

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