The bacteriome of the oral cavity in healthy dogs and dogs with periodontal disease

Abstract

OBJECTIVE To compare the bacteriome of the oral cavity in healthy dogs and dogs with various stages of periodontal disease. ANIMALS Dogs without periodontal disease (n = 12) or with mild (10), moderate (19), or severe (10) periodontal disease. PROCEDURES The maxillary arcade of each dog was sampled with a sterile swab, and swabs were submitted for next-generation DNA sequencing targeting the V1–V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene. RESULTS 714 bacterial species from 177 families were identified. The 3 most frequently found bacterial species were Actinomyces sp (48/51 samples), Porphyromonas cangingivalis (47/51 samples), and a Campylobacter sp (48/51 samples). The most abundant species were P cangingivalis, Porphyromonas gulae, and an undefined Porphyromonas sp. Porphyromonas cangingivalis and Campylobacter sp were part of the core microbiome shared among the 4 groups, and P gulae, which was significantly enriched in dogs with severe periodontal disease, was part of the core microbiome shared between all groups except dogs without periodontal disease. Christensenellaceae sp, Bacteroidales sp, Family XIII sp, Methanobrevibacter oralis, Peptostreptococcus canis, and Tannerella sp formed a unique core microbiome in dogs with severe periodontal disease. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results highlighted that in dogs, potential pathogens can be common members of the oral cavity bacteriome in the absence of disease, and changes in the relative abundance of certain members of the bacteriome can be associated with severity of periodontal disease. Future studies may aim to determine whether these changes are the cause or result of periodontal disease or the host immune response.

Isolation of Oral Bacteria, Measurement of the C‐Reactive Protein, and Blood Clinical Parameters in Dogs with Oral Tumor

“…Ruparella et al and team reported that saliva exhibited the lowest bacterial diversity, the buccal and the tongue dorsum mucosa had the most similar bacteria [ 33 ]. Moreover, the teeth area and the dental plaque were the selected area for the periodontal disease [ 31 , 32 , 67 , 70 , 76 – 78 ]. So, the oral swab sample from the tongue's dorsum mucosa and the mucosa of the hard palate of each dog was taken to compare the microbes among the three groups of dogs in our study.…”

Bacterial composition changes in canine plaque over periodontal disease severity and daily care practices

“…It is a Gram-negative anaerobic bacterium strongly linked to advanced periodontal lesions [33][34][35] . In canines, the Porphyromonas genus is also proposed to be a potential pathogen linked to PD 22,25,31,32 . We observed an increased presence of the Porphyromonas genus correlated with escalating PD severity.…”

“…In this study, we sampled dental plaque using a micro-applicator to examine subgingival plaque. Several studies have reported that PD microbiomes can be monitored without targeting focal plaque 22,40,41 . A negative correlation existed between the relative abundance of Porphyromonas and gingivitis score 41 .…”

From Chihuahua to Saint-Bernard: how did digestion and microbiota evolve with dog sizes

“…Canine oral microbiota present similar number (around 350 bacterial taxa from 148 genera) but significantly different populations compared to the human ones 98 and is mainly colonized by Proteobacteria (45%), Bacteroidetes (25%) and Firmicutes (19%). Most abundant species are Porphyromonas cangingivalis and Porphyromonas gulae 99 , 100 . Regarding the other digestive compartments, studies have been mostly performed on faeces to avoid invasive procedures.…”