The Bacteriology of Pouchitis

McLaughlin, Simon D.; Walker, Alan W.; Churcher, Carol; Clark, Susan; Tekkis, Paris; Johnson, Matthew W.; Parkhill, Julian; Ciclitira, Paul J.; Dougan, Gordon; Nicholls, R. J.; Petrovska, Liljana

doi:10.1097/sla.0b013e3181e3dc8b

Cited by 103 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Png et al[35] observed an increase in mucolytic bacteria, including R. gnavus , in biopsies of patients with UC and CD. Our data are supported by reports from several groups that analyzed fecal or biopsy samples using different DNA-based methods[7], further confirming the association between changes in microbiota and pouchitis. By contrast, the variability in endogenous factors, including secretion of mucins, defensins, cytokines and immunoglobulins, might also affect the composition of predominant bacterial species in UC and pouchitis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Johnson et al[5] and Lim et al[6] showed no differences between pouchitis and no pouchitis (NP) groups. Some studies have suggested a reduction in bacterial diversity in pouchitis but not dysbiosis[7]. Other studies revealed an increase in bacterial diversity in pouchitis[8], such as increased numbers of Clostridium and Eubacterium [9], while others showed less Enterococcaceae in pouchitis[10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fecal microbiota in pouchitis and ulcerative colitis

Wang

Wei

et al. 2016

WJG

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AIMTo investigate the changes in microbiota in feces of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and pouchitis using genomic technology.METHODSFecal samples were obtained from UC patients with or without an ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) procedure, as well as healthy controls. The touchdown polymerase chain reaction technique was used to amplify the whole V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene, which was transcribed from DNA extracted from fecal samples. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis was used to separate the amplicons. The band profiles and similarity indices were analyzed digitally. The predominant microbiota in different groups was confirmed by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene.RESULTSMicrobial biodiversity in the healthy controls was significantly higher compared with the UC groups (P < 0.001) and IPAA groups (P < 0.001). Compared with healthy controls, the UC patients in remission and those in the mildly active stage, the predominant species in patients with moderately and severely active UC changed obviously. In addition, the proportion of the dominant microbiota, which was negatively correlated with the disease activity of UC (r = -6.591, P < 0.01), was decreased in pouchitis patients. The numbers of two types of bacteria, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Eubacterium rectale, were reduced in UC. Patients with pouchitis had an altered microbiota composition compared with UC patients. The microbiota from pouchitis patients was less diverse than that from severely active UC patients. Sequencing results showed that similar microbiota, such as Clostridium perfringens, were shared in both UC and pouchitis.CONCLUSIONLess diverse fecal microbiota was present in patients with UC and pouchitis. Increased C. perfringens in feces suggest its role in the exacerbation of UC and pouchitis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fecal microbiota in pouchitis and ulcerative colitis

Wang

Wei

et al. 2016

WJG

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“…This study has established that there is a significant decrease in overall bacterial diversity in the colon in a piglet model of SBS that is particularly evident six weeks post-resection. This is consistent with other inflammatory conditions including Crohn disease, 21 ulcerative colitis 22 and antibiotic-associated diarrhea 23 and has previously been described in adult patients with SBS. 24 A decrease in microbial diversity also corresponds to decreased metabolic diversity, which has potential implications for SBS patients including insufficient breakdown of dietary components such as complex polysaccharides leading to malabsorption, reduced energy availability and decreased production of short-chain fatty acids.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Gut microbial diversity is reduced and is associated with colonic inflammation in a piglet model of short bowel syndrome

et al. 2013

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IntroductionShort bowel syndrome (SBS) is the clinical state of malabsorption and malnutrition that occurs following small bowel resection (SBR). 1 Surgical resection of the small bowel may be required for the treatment of a range of conditions including congenital bowel abnormalities and necrotising enterocolitis in children and Crohn disease, trauma and malignancy in adults. Although the underlying reason for SBR between adults and children may differ, the clinical manifestations and consequences of SBS are similar. The symptoms of SBS reflect the loss of absorptive surface area and functional disturbance of the Background and objectives: Following small bowel resection (sBR), the luminal environment is altered, which contributes to clinical manifestations of short bowel syndrome (sBs) including malabsorption, mucosal inflammation and bacterial overgrowth. however, the impact of sBR on the colon has not been well-defined. The aims of this study were to characterize the colonic microbiota following sBR and to assess the impact of sBR on mucosal inflammation in the colon.Results: analysis of the colonic microbiota demonstrated that there was a significant level of dysbiosis both two and six weeks post-sBR, particularly in the phylum Firmicutes, coupled with a decrease in overall bacterial diversity in the colon. This decrease in diversity was associated with an increase in colonic inflammation six weeks post-surgery.Methods: Female (4-week old) piglets (5-6/group) received a 75% sBR, a transection (sham) or no surgery. compositional analysis of the colonic microbiota was performed by high-throughput sequencing, two-and six-weeks post-surgery. The gene expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-18 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the colonic mucosa was assessed by qRT-pcR and the number of macrophages and percentage inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOs) staining in the colonic epithelium were quantified by immunohistochemistry.Conclusions: sBR significantly decreased the diversity of the colonic microbiota and this was associated with an increase in colonic mucosal inflammation. This study supports the hypothesis that sBR has a significant impact on the colon and that this may play an important role in defining clinical outcome.

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“…Indeed, our group has illustrated that IBD-associated genetic polymorphisms are associated with chronic pouch inflammatory complications, including the development of a Crohn's disease (CD)-like phenotype(10). As has been observed in IBD, alterations in the tissue-associated microbiome have been found in ileal-pouch inflammation(11, 12). Both diseases are characterized by an overall decrease in organism diversity, however, the specific organisms associated with each of these phenotypes are not identical 1, 12-14 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Microbiome Heterogeneity Characterizing Intestinal Tissue and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Phenotype

Tyler

Kirsch

Milgrom

et al. 2016

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

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IBD has been associated with differential abundance of numerous organisms when compared to healthy controls, however few studies have investigated variability in the microbiome across intestinal locations, and how this variability might be related to disease location and phenotype. In this study we have analyzed the microbiome of a large cohort of individuals recruited at Mount Sinai Hospital in Toronto, Canada. Biopsies were taken from subjects with Crohn's disease (CD) ulcerative colitis (UC), as well as healthy controls (HC), and individuals having undergone ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA) for treatment of UC or familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Microbial 16S rRNA was sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq platform. We observed a great deal of variability in the microbiome characterizing different sampling locations. Samples from pouch and afferent limb were comparable in microbial composition. When comparing sigmoid and TI samples, more differences were observed. The greatest number of differentially abundant microbes was observed when comparing either pouch or afferent limb samples to sigmoid or TI. Despite these differences, we were able to observe modest microbial variability between IBD phenotypes and healthy controls, even when controlling for sampling location and additional experimental factors. The majority of detected associations were observed between healthy controls and CD, with decreases in specific genera in the families Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae characterizing tissue samples from individuals with CD. This study highlights important considerations when analyzing the composition of the microbiome, and also provides useful insight into differences in the microbiome characterizing these seemingly related phenotypes.

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The Bacteriology of Pouchitis

Cited by 103 publications

References 53 publications

Fecal microbiota in pouchitis and ulcerative colitis

Fecal microbiota in pouchitis and ulcerative colitis

Gut microbial diversity is reduced and is associated with colonic inflammation in a piglet model of short bowel syndrome

Microbiome Heterogeneity Characterizing Intestinal Tissue and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Phenotype

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