The bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) in the innate defence of the lower airways

Holweg, Alexander; Schnare, Markus; Gessner, André

doi:10.1042/bst0391045

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(72 reference statements)

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“…Like the latter, elafin it is multifunctional being both anti-inflammatory and directly antimicrobial (Sallenave, 2010). Bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI), which is known to be stored in neutrophils, to bind LPS and kill Gram-negative bacteria, has also been detected in tears (Holweg et al, 2011; Peuravuori et al, 2006). This protein could be detected in lacrimal gland and conjunctival epithelial cells which could therefore be an additional source to that from neutrophils in the tears.…”

Section: Other Identified Tear Antimicrobials and Potential Candidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial compounds in tears

McDermott

2013

Experimental Eye Research

233

171

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The tear film coats the cornea and conjunctiva and serves several important functions. It provides lubrication, prevents drying of the ocular surface epithelia, helps provide a smooth surface for refracting light, supplies oxygen and is an important component of the innate defense system of the eye providing protection against a range of potential pathogens. This review describes both classic antimicrobial compounds found in tears such as lysozyme and some more recently identified such as members of the cationic antimicrobial peptide family and surfactant protein-D as well as potential new candidate molecules that may contribute to antimicrobial protection. As is readily evident from the literature review herein, tears, like all mucosal fluids, contain a plethora of molecules with known antimicrobial effects. That all of these are active in vivo is debatable as many are present in low concentrations, may be influenced by other tear components such as the ionic environment, and antimicrobial action may be only one of several activities ascribed to the molecule. However, there are many studies showing synergistic/additive interactions between several of the tear antimicrobials and it is highly likely that cooperativity between molecules is the primary way tears are able to afford significant antimicrobial protection to the ocular surface in vivo. In addition to effects on pathogen growth and survival some tear components prevent epithelial cell invasion and promote the epithelial expression of innate defense molecules. Given the protective role of tears a number of scenarios can be envisaged that may affect the amount and/or activity of tear antimicrobials and hence compromise tear immunity. Two such situations, dry eye disease and contact lens wear, are discussed here.

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Section: Other Identified Tear Antimicrobials and Potential Candidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial compounds in tears

McDermott

2013

Experimental Eye Research

233

171

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“…Thus, LBP plays a critical role in regulating the acute and chronic airway response to inhaled LPS. However, the function of LBP is antagonized by bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) that is primarily expressed by neutrophils and the mucosal epithelia and has a high affinity for LPS 16 ) . Consequently, the balance between LBP and BPI plays an important role in shaping responses to LPS 17 ) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered immune responses in broiler chicken husbandry workers and their association with endotoxin exposure

et al. 2018

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Exposure to bioaerosols in indoor animal farms associates with respiratory illnesses, but little is known about the immune modulation to chicken farmers. This study aimed to compare the general immunity of chicken farmers with those of control subjects with non-agricultural jobs. Blood taken from the farmers and controls was subjected to plasma IgE and IgG subclass measurements. Isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were stimulated and cytokine production was measured. Indoor total and respirable dust levels and their endotoxin (LPS) and aflatoxin (AF) levels in the farms were measured. In total, 29 chicken farmers on 19 farms and 14 age- and sex-matched office workers participated. Hematological differences were not observed. The farmers tended to have higher serum IgE and IgG subclass levels with significance for IgG1. The cytokines released by PBMC from farmers indicated skewing toward Type-2 helper T-cell responses: interferon (IFN)-γ:interleukin (IL)-4 and IFNγ:IL-13 ratios were significantly lower than for control PBMC. The farms had 707.1 EU/m3 LPS in total dust, and 15.8 EU/m3 LPS in respirable dust. Farmers exhibited immune skewing towards allergic immune responses that correlated with the LPS levels on their farms. Chicken farmers may be at risk of respiratory allergies due to occupational endotoxin exposure.

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“…The binding of BPI with LPS can promote bacterial killing inside and outside the cell and competitively inhibits the binding of LPS to lipopolysaccharide binding protein, which ultimately reduces LPS-induced local and systemic inflammatory responses (13). BPI protein represents the core component of innate immunity, directly fights against microbial infection, and regulates the subsequent adaptive responses (14). Considering the important biological functions of the porcine BPI gene, it has attracted extensive attention as an important candidate gene for disease-resistant breeding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymorphisms of exon 10 in the BPI gene and its association analysis with some reproductive traits and partial immune indexes in Meishan pigs

Qu¹,

Wei²,

Ye³

et al. 2019

Turk J Vet Anim Sci

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This study was conducted to detect polymorphisms of BPI gene exon 10 by PCR-RFLP in Meishan pigs and their associations with some important cytokine levels (IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TGF-1β, IFN-γ, TNF-α) and reproductive traits (total number born (TNB), number born alive (NBA), birth litter weight (BLW), and weaning litter weight (WLW)), with the aim of identifying effective genetic markers for molecular breeding. The results revealed three genotypes, including AA, AB, and BB, with the trend of AA > BB > AB in reproductive traits. Pigs with the AA genotype were significantly higher than the AB genotype in TNB and IFN-γ (P < 0.05), and extremely significantly higher in NBA and WLW (P < 0.01). Moreover, TGF-1β and TNF-α levels were significantly higher in the AA genotype than the BB genotype (P < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences among the three genotypes in the levels of other cytokines (P > 0.05). Comprehensive analysis indicated that the polymorphisms of exon 10 in the BPI gene have significant genetic effects on some reproductive traits and cytokines in Meishan pigs, for which the AA genotype was demonstrated to be the favorable genotype, which could be used as potential genetic markers for in-depth research and examination.

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The bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) in the innate defence of the lower airways

Cited by 16 publications

References 57 publications

Antimicrobial compounds in tears

Antimicrobial compounds in tears

Altered immune responses in broiler chicken husbandry workers and their association with endotoxin exposure

Polymorphisms of exon 10 in the BPI gene and its association analysis with some reproductive traits and partial immune indexes in Meishan pigs

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