The bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate: sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS): an interface between energy and signal transduction

Erni, Bernhard

doi:10.1007/s13738-012-0185-1

Cited by 39 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 410 publications

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“…They are essential to cell viability and growth and therefore vital for bacterial survival in the intestinal ecosystem. Genes affiliated with the PTS were found to be abundant in the intestinal microbiomes of both farmed and aquarium reared trout, and this system is used by bacteria for sugar uptake where the source of energy is from phosphoenolpyruvate, a key intermediate in glycolysis (Meadow et al 1985;Erni 2012). The PTS is a multicomponent network that always involves enzymes of the both the plasma membrane and the cytoplasm and is involved in transporting many different sugars into bacterial cells, including glucose, mannose, fructose and cellobiose.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic and functional characterization of the distal intestinal microbiome of rainbow troutOncorhynchus mykissfrom both farm and aquarium settings

et al. 2016

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Aims This study focused on comparing the phylogenetic composition and functional potential of the intestinal microbiome of rainbow trout sourced from both farm and aquarium settings. Methods and Results Samples of distal intestinal contents were collected from fish and subjected to high throughput 16S rRNA sequencing, to accurately determine the composition of the intestinal microbiome. The predominant phyla identified from both groups were Tenericutes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Spirochaetae and Bacteroidetes. A novel metagenomic tool, PICRUSt, was used to determine the functional potential of the bacterial communities present in the rainbow trout intestine. Pathways concerning membrane transport activity were dominant in the intestinal microbiome of all fish samples. Furthermore, this analysis revealed that gene pathways relating to metabolism, and in particular amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism, were upregulated in the rainbow trout intestinal microbiome. Conclusions The results suggest that the structure of the intestinal microbiome in farmed rainbow trout may be similar regardless of where the fish are located and hence could be shaped by host factors. Differences were, however, noted in the microbial community membership within the intestine of both fish populations, suggesting that more sporadic taxa could be unique to each environment and may have the ability to colonize the rainbow trout gastrointestinal tract. Finally, the functional analysis provides evidence that the microbiome of rainbow trout contains genes that could contribute to the metabolism of dietary ingredients and therefore may actively influence the digestive process in these fish. Significance and Impact of the Study To better understand and exploit the intestinal microbiome and its impact on fish health, it is vital to determine its structure, diversity and potential functional capacity. This study improves our knowledge of these areas and suggests that the intestinal microbiome of rainbow trout may play an important role in the digestive physiology of these fish.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic and functional characterization of the distal intestinal microbiome of rainbow troutOncorhynchus mykissfrom both farm and aquarium settings

et al. 2016

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“…any bacteria (1,2) as well as some archaea (3) take up sugars and sugar derivatives, such as sugar alcohols, amino sugars, glycuronic acids, disaccharides, and numerous other carbon sources, via the phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP):carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (PTS). The PTS is usually composed of one membrane-spanning protein and four soluble proteins.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Enzyme I (EI) and HPr are the general cytoplasmic PTS components, which in most organisms are involved in the uptake of all PTS carbohydrates; their genes are usually organized in the ptsHI operon, with ptsH coding for HPr and ptsI for EI. In contrast, the EIIA, EIIB, and EIIC (and in mannose-type PTSs also EIID) proteins are usually specific for one substrate or, in a few cases, for a small group of closely related carbohydrates (1,2,4). To indicate their substrate specificity, a three letter code is used, which is added as superscript to the corresponding protein name (5).…”

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confidence: 99%

The Bacterial Phosphoenolpyruvate:Carbohydrate Phosphotransferase System: Regulation by Protein Phosphorylation and Phosphorylation-Dependent Protein-Protein Interactions

Deutscher

Aké

Derkaoui

et al. 2014

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

346

374

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SUMMARY The bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP):carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (PTS) carries out both catalytic and regulatory functions. It catalyzes the transport and phosphorylation of a variety of sugars and sugar derivatives but also carries out numerous regulatory functions related to carbon, nitrogen, and phosphate metabolism, to chemotaxis, to potassium transport, and to the virulence of certain pathogens. For these different regulatory processes, the signal is provided by the phosphorylation state of the PTS components, which varies according to the availability of PTS substrates and the metabolic state of the cell. PEP acts as phosphoryl donor for enzyme I (EI), which, together with HPr and one of several EIIA and EIIB pairs, forms a phosphorylation cascade which allows phosphorylation of the cognate carbohydrate bound to the membrane-spanning EIIC. HPr of firmicutes and numerous proteobacteria is also phosphorylated in an ATP-dependent reaction catalyzed by the bifunctional HPr kinase/phosphorylase. PTS-mediated regulatory mechanisms are based either on direct phosphorylation of the target protein or on phosphorylation-dependent interactions. For regulation by PTS-mediated phosphorylation, the target proteins either acquired a PTS domain by fusing it to their N or C termini or integrated a specific, conserved PTS regulation domain (PRD) or, alternatively, developed their own specific sites for PTS-mediated phosphorylation. Protein-protein interactions can occur with either phosphorylated or unphosphorylated PTS components and can either stimulate or inhibit the function of the target proteins. This large variety of signal transduction mechanisms allows the PTS to regulate numerous proteins and to form a vast regulatory network responding to the phosphorylation state of various PTS components.

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“…The phosphotransferase system, a major mechanism used by bacteria for the uptake of carbohydrates, transports exogenous sugars through the membrane and is tightly coupled with the transportation of phosphoryl (Erni 2012). Membrane-bound sugar-specific permeases (EII) of the PTS, with the homology of Bli 2, including multiple proteins specifically phosphorylate sugars, such as the phosphorylation of glucose (PtsG and Crr), mannose (ManX, ManY, and ManZ) and fructose (LevD, LevE, LevF, and LevG) and a single multidomain protein phosphorylates sucrose (ScrA) (map02060).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genes encoding the production of extracellular polysaccharide bioflocculant are clustered on a 30-kb DNA segment in Bacillus licheniformis

Yan

Wang

Chen

et al. 2013

Funct Integr Genomics

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Bioflocculants are special high-molecular weight polymers produced by microorganisms. Despite the fact that several types of bioflocculants from different species of bacteria have been reported, there is a large gap in our knowledge regarding the molecular machine responsible for the production of bioflocculants. To investigate genes involved in bioflocculant synthesis, a fosmid library was generated from Bacillus licheniformis genomic DNA and screened for the production of bioflocculant. Four positive clones with distinct flocculation were isolated by a two-pooling scheme. The clone with 662 U ml(-1) flocculating activity was sequenced. As a result, a 30-kb fragment with 26 hypothetical genes was identified in the bioflocculant-producing clone. Most of the predicted proteins encoded by the inserted genes showed significant homology with enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of polysaccharide. Based on these homologies, a biosynthesis pathway and two gene clusters involved in the production of the polysaccharide bioflocculant were proposed with the integration of functional descriptions of individual genes by metabolic databases, and a glucose-sensitive glycosidases was predicted. This research supplied significant data for potential application of bioflocculant-producing strains in wastewater refining and industrial downstream treatments.

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The bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate: sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS): an interface between energy and signal transduction

Cited by 39 publications

References 410 publications

Phylogenetic and functional characterization of the distal intestinal microbiome of rainbow troutOncorhynchus mykissfrom both farm and aquarium settings

Phylogenetic and functional characterization of the distal intestinal microbiome of rainbow troutOncorhynchus mykissfrom both farm and aquarium settings

The Bacterial Phosphoenolpyruvate:Carbohydrate Phosphotransferase System: Regulation by Protein Phosphorylation and Phosphorylation-Dependent Protein-Protein Interactions

Genes encoding the production of extracellular polysaccharide bioflocculant are clustered on a 30-kb DNA segment in Bacillus licheniformis

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