The Bacterial Gut Microbiota of Schoolchildren from High and Low Socioeconomic Status: A Study in an Urban Area of Makassar, Indonesia

Amaruddin, Aldian Irma; Hamid, Firdaus; Koopman, J.; Muhammad, Munawir; Brienen, Eric A. T.; Lieshout, Lisette van; Geelen, A. R.; Wahyuni, Sitti; Kuijper, Ed J.; Sartono, Erliyani; Yazdanbakhsh, Maria; Zwittink, Romy D.

doi:10.3390/microorganisms8060961

Cited by 18 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…Nevertheless, the existing literature provides growing evidence that the social and environmental gradients that contribute to health inequities also predict GM traits (Table 1). For example, across globally diverse populations, measures of SES have been associated with distinct GM traits in both adults (41)(42)(43) and children (44)(45)(46)(47)(48) (but see ref. 49).…”

Section: Evidence Linking Gm To Health Inequitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The human gut microbiome and health inequities

Amato

Arrieta

Azad

et al. 2021

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

102

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Individuals who are minoritized as a result of race, sexual identity, gender, or socioeconomic status experience a higher prevalence of many diseases. Understanding the biological processes that cause and maintain these socially driven health inequities is essential for addressing them. The gut microbiome is strongly shaped by host environments and affects host metabolic, immune, and neuroendocrine functions, making it an important pathway by which differences in experiences caused by social, political, and economic forces could contribute to health inequities. Nevertheless, few studies have directly integrated the gut microbiome into investigations of health inequities. Here, we argue that accounting for host–gut microbe interactions will improve understanding and management of health inequities, and that health policy must begin to consider the microbiome as an important pathway linking environments to population health.

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Section: Evidence Linking Gm To Health Inequitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The human gut microbiome and health inequities

Amato

Arrieta

Azad

et al. 2021

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

102

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“…The relative abundance of Olsenella was shown to be about 2% within the gut microbiome of some individuals. 58 Our subtree includes more abundant gut taxa such as Ruminococcus (relative abundance ~5%) 59 , 60 and Collinsella (relative abundance ~8%), 59 as well. Due to limitations in 16S rDNA sequencing depth, it is difficult to conclude if the species in our subtree are found at relevant levels in the human gut or if 12β-HSDH genes are present.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Completion of the gut microbial epi-bile acid pathway

et al. 2021

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Bile acids are detergent molecules that solubilize dietary lipids and lipid-soluble vitamins. Humans synthesize bile acids with α-orientation hydroxyl groups which can be biotransformed by gut microbiota to toxic, hydrophobic bile acids, such as deoxycholic acid (DCA). Gut microbiota can also convert hydroxyl groups from the α-orientation through an oxo-intermediate to the β-orientation, resulting in more hydrophilic, less toxic bile acids. This interconversion is catalyzed by regio- (C-3 vs. C-7) and stereospecific (α vs. β) hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSDHs). So far, genes encoding the urso- (7α-HSDH & 7β-HSDH) and iso- (3α-HSDH & 3β-HSDH) bile acid pathways have been described. Recently, multiple human gut clostridia were reported to encode 12α-HSDH, which interconverts DCA and 12-oxolithocholic acid (12-oxoLCA). 12β-HSDH completes the epi-bile acid pathway by converting 12-oxoLCA to the 12β-bile acid denoted epiDCA; however, a gene(s) encoding this enzyme has yet to be identified. We confirmed 12β-HSDH activity in cultures of Clostridium paraputrificum ATCC 25780. From six candidate C. paraputrificum ATCC 25780 oxidoreductase genes, we discovered the first gene (DR024_RS09610) encoding bile acid 12β-HSDH. Phylogenetic analysis revealed unforeseen diversity for 12β-HSDH, leading to validation of two additional bile acid 12β-HSDHs through a synthetic biology approach. By comparison to a previous phylogenetic analysis of 12α-HSDH, we identified the first potential C-12 epimerizing strains: Collinsella tanakaei YIT 12063 and Collinsella stercoris DSM 13279. A Hidden Markov Model search against human gut metagenomes located putative 12β-HSDH genes in about 30% of subjects within the cohorts analyzed, indicating this gene is relevant in the human gut microbiome.

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“…The relative abundance of Olsenella was shown to be about 2% within the gut microbiome of some individuals. 58 Our subtree includes more abundant gut taxa such as Ruminococcus (relative abundance ∼5%) 59, 60 and Collinsella (relative abundance ∼8%) 59 , as well. Due to limitations in 16S rDNA sequencing depth, it is difficult to conclude if the species in our subtree are found at relevant levels in the human gut or if 12β-HSDH genes are present.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Completion of the gut microbial epi-bile acid pathway

Doden

Wolf

Gaskins

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Bile acids are detergent molecules that solubilize dietary lipids and lipid-soluble vitamins. Humans synthesize bile acids with α-orientation hydroxyl groups which can be biotransformed by gut microbiota to toxic, hydrophobic bile acids, such as deoxycholic acid (DCA). Gut microbiota are also capable of converting hydroxyl groups from the α-orientation through an oxo-intermediate to the β-orientation, resulting in more hydrophilic and less toxic bile acids. This interconversion is catalyzed by regio- (C-3 vs. C-7) and stereospecific (α vs. β) hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSDHs). Recently, multiple human gut clostridia have been reported to encode 12α-HSDH, which interconverts DCA and 12-oxolithocholic acid (12-oxoLCA). Bile acid 12β-HSDH activity completes the epimerization of DCA by converting 12-oxoLCA to the 12β-bile acid known as epiDCA. While 12β-HSDH activity has been shown in cell extracts of Clostridium paraputrificum, the gene has not yet been reported. In order to identify the first gene encoding this activity, 6 candidate oxidoreductase genes from C. paraputrificum ATCC 25780 were cloned, overexpressed, purified, and screened for activity with 12-oxoLCA and epiDCA. LC-MS analysis was performed on reaction products from the enzyme encoded by DR024_RS09610, confirming the first 12β-HSDH gene discovered. The enzyme was more specific for bile acids lacking a 7-hydroxyl group than cholic acid derivatives containing a 7-hydroxyl. Phylogenetic analysis revealed previously unknown diversity for bile acid 12β-HSDH by experimentally validating two additional 12β-HSDHs within the tree from Eisenbergiella sp. OF01-20 and Olsenella sp. GAM18.

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The Bacterial Gut Microbiota of Schoolchildren from High and Low Socioeconomic Status: A Study in an Urban Area of Makassar, Indonesia

Cited by 18 publications

References 39 publications

The human gut microbiome and health inequities

The human gut microbiome and health inequities

Completion of the gut microbial epi-bile acid pathway

Completion of the gut microbial epi-bile acid pathway

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