The Bacterial Flora of the Stomach and Small Intestine in Children with Intestinal Obstruction

Bishop, Ruth F.; Anderson, Charlotte M.

doi:10.1136/adc.35.183.487

Cited by 44 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Retrograde colonization is less likely in the absence of a widespread motility disorder or fistula [12,75,86]. When judged by defecatory intervals and stool form score, omeprazole was found to speed intestinal transit [87], which is comparable to experimental data showing that the predominant effect of commensal intestinal bacteria on physiological small bowel motility is the stimulation of myoelectric activity and transit [88,89].…”

Section: Intestinal Microflora In Healthy Individuals With Gastric Hysupporting

confidence: 70%

The Pathogenesis of Gastrointestinal Bacterial Overgrowth

Husebye

2005

Chemotherapy

138

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The normal indigenous intestinal microflora consists of about 10¹⁵ bacteria that under physiological conditions reside mainly in the lower gastrointestinal tract. Bacterial overgrowth implies abnormal bacterial colonization of the upper gut, resulting from failure of specific defense mechanisms restricting colonization under physiological conditions. At present two types of bacterial overgrowth with defined pathogenesis can be distinguished: (1) gastric overgrowth with upper respiratory tract microflora resulting from selective failure of the gastric acid barrier, and (2) gastrointestinal overgrowth with Gram-negative bacilli (enteric bacteria) resulting from failure of intestinal clearance. Helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis of the oxyntic mucosa is the main cause of acquired failure of the gastric acid barrier, which is common among the healthy elderly. Intestinal clearance may fail as the result of impaired intestinal peristalsis or anatomical abnormalities that alter luminal flow. Impaired peristalsis is associated with conditions interfering with intestinal neuromuscular function including myopathic, neuropathic, autoimmune, infectious, inflammatory, metabolic, endocrine, and neoplastic diseases. Anatomical abnormalities are mainly the result of gastrointestinal surgery, intestinal diverticula or fistula. Combined failure of intestinal clearance and the gastric acid barrier results in more severe colonization with Gram-negative bacilli. Gram-negative bacilli are uncommon in the upper gut of otherwise healthy individuals with gastric hypochlorhydria, being acquired (H. pylori) or drug-induced. Significant bacterial overgrowth with Gram-negative bacilli is a rational in the search for an explanation to optimize clinical management. The clinical significance of colonization with upper respiratory tract microflora remains unclear. Translocation of live bacteria, their metabolic products, or antigens from a small bowel colonized by Gram-negative bacilli play a role in the pathogenesis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in hepatic disease and in certain types of sepsis, indicating that further studies can point to new patient populations with potential benefit from medical treatment.

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Section: Intestinal Microflora In Healthy Individuals With Gastric Hysupporting

confidence: 70%

The Pathogenesis of Gastrointestinal Bacterial Overgrowth

Husebye

2005

Chemotherapy

138

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“…It would, therefore, be expected that bacterial overgrowth in the small bowel would occur proximal to intestinal obstruction. The only previous quantitative studies of the microflora in intestinal obstruction were not accurate because of the introduction of an unknown dilution factor (Bishop and Allcock, 1960;Bishop and Anderson, 1960).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the problems of direct needle aspiration is that only a small volume may be obtained for analysis. Bishop and Anderson (1960), in an attempt to overcome this difficulty, injected a known volume of isotonic saline into the lumen of the bowel and then aspirated a mixture of small-bowel content and saline, but this method introduces an unknown dilution effect which Gorbach et al (19673) showed to invalidate the method for quantitative analysis. We found 0-3 ml to be enough for quantitative analysis.…”

Section: Eflect Of the Volume Of The Specimenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations in small-bowel microflora in acute intestinal obstruction

Sykes¹,

Boulter²,

Schofield³

1976

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…The bacterial flora in the obstructed gut has been speculated to originate either from ingested food or from the sparse indigenous flora [2,3,10,21]. We think it more likely that the bacteria develop from the local flora, as our SBO animals hardly consumed any food, despite their free access to it.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Small Bowel Microflora in Acute Nonstrangulating Obstruction

Roscher¹,

Meyer²,

Beger³

1988

Dig Surg

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The bacterial flora of the upper jejunum and lower ileum was examined intraoperatively and on the 7th postoperative day in 18 pigs with small bowel obstruction and in 11 controls. The controls showed no significant qualitative and quantitative variation in bacterial colonization. The animals with bowel obstruction, however, exhibited a feculent microflora with a predominance of coli bacteria and a loss of the normal concentration gradient between jejunum and ileum. The inverse correlation of distention and fluid contents during obstruction with the preoperative Coli colonization might reflect the role of local mucosal immunization in the development of obstruction.

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The Bacterial Flora of the Stomach and Small Intestine in Children with Intestinal Obstruction

Cited by 44 publications

References 4 publications

The Pathogenesis of Gastrointestinal Bacterial Overgrowth

The Pathogenesis of Gastrointestinal Bacterial Overgrowth

Alterations in small-bowel microflora in acute intestinal obstruction

Changes in Small Bowel Microflora in Acute Nonstrangulating Obstruction

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