“…Further, because in Morocco, lower literacy levels are associated with the rural environment (HCP, 2020), the perception of customers in these regions is less favorable towards E‐commerce due to reservations about confidentiality and privacy. This diminished customer confidence is translated into a lower willingness of businesses to adopt the technology (Faloye, 2014; John, 2012; Al Rawabdeh et al., 2012). This shows that there is a major consumer orientation by Moroccan cooperatives, which largely drives their appetite for new technology.…”