The β Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou recurrence problem

Abstract

We perform a thorough investigation of the first FPUT recurrence in the β-FPUT chain for both positive and negative β. We show numerically that the rescaled FPUT recurrence time Tr = tr/(N + 1) 3 depends, for large N , only on the parameter S ≡ Eβ(N + 1). Our numerics also reveal that for small |S|, Tr is linear in S with positive slope for both positive and negative β. For large |S|, Tr is proportional to |S| −1/2 for both positive and negative β but with different multiplicative constants. In the continuum limit, the β-FPUT chain approaches the modified Korteweg-de Vries (mKdV) equation, which we investigate numerically to better understand the FPUT recurrences on the lattice. In the continuum, the recurrence time closely follows the |S| −1/2 scaling and can be interpreted in terms of solitons, as in the case of the KdV equation for the α chain. The difference in the multiplicative factors between positive and negative β arises from soliton-kink interactions which exist only in the negative β case. We complement our numerical results with analytical considerations in the nearly linear regime (small |S|) and in the highly nonlinear regime (large |S|). For the former, we extend previous results using a shifted-frequency perturbation theory and find a closed form for Tr which depends only on S. In the latter regime, we show that Tr ∝ |S| −1/2 is predicted by the soliton theory in the continuum limit. We end by discussing the striking differences in the amount of energy mixing as well as the existence of the FPUT recurrences between positive and negative β and offer some remarks on the thermodynamic limit.

Counter-diabatic driving in the classical $β$-Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou chain

“…Such a state is not very stable thermodynamically. This instability is precisely reflected in the very large amplitude oscillations in the mode occupancy, which emerge after quenching the nonlinearity [14,19,33]. In other words, studying the FPUT problem is equivalent to turning on β instantaneously in our setup.…”

“…In contradiction with the expectation of equipartition, these recurrences continue as the simulation progresses, keeping the system in a "metastable state" before finally thermalizing after very long time scales [15][16][17]. Recently, it was discovered that recurrences themselves oscillate in a periodic fashion as well, a feature dubbed "higher-order recurrences" [18,19].…”