The Azadirachta indica (Neem) Seed Oil Reduced Chronic Redox-Homeostasis Imbalance in a Mice Experimental Model on Ochratoxine A-Induced Hepatotoxicity

Abstract

Liver damage severity depends on both the dose and the exposure duration. Oxidative stress may increase the Ochratoxine-A (OTA) hepatotoxicity and many antioxidants may counteract toxic liver function. The present study aims to investigate the hepatoprotective potential of Azadirachta indica A (A.indica; neem oil) seed oil to reduce acute oxidative disorders and residual OTA toxicity in a 28-day experimental model. The activity of antioxidant and hepatic enzymes, cytokines and the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers –MDA, GSPx, Hydroxiproline, GST, PCC, AGEs, PGC-1, and STIR-1 were analyzed by ELISA. The free radicals ROS and RNS levels were measured by EPR. The protective effects were studied in BALB/C mice treated with A. indica seed oil (170 mg/kg), alone and in combination with OTA (1.25 mg/kg), by gavage daily for 28 days. At the end of the experiment, mice treated with OTA showed changes in liver and antioxidant enzymes, and oxidative stress parameters in the liver and blood. A.indica oil significantly reduced oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation compared to the OTA group. In addition, the hepatic histological evaluation showed significant adipose tissue accumulation in OTA-treated tissues, while treatment with 170 mg/kg A.indica oil showed moderate adipose tissue accumulation.

Phytochemicals content and in-vitro antioxidant properties of Azadirachta indica seeds, leaves and twigs prepared from different extraction techniques

“…Antioxidant activities of neem leaves from India (Wandscheer et al, 2004), England (Salehzadeh et al, 2003), Nepal (Ghimeray et al, 2009, Brasil (Nagano and Batalini 2021), Thailand (Sithisarn et al, 2006), Nigeria (Olaitan et al, 2021 have also been reported. Neem leaves and oil were reported maximum antioxidant activity % because of its phenolic compounds and enormous scavenger ability towards free radical (Nikolova et al, 2022;Nakamura et al, 2022). These observations are a close agreement to the current study.…”

Nimbolide: promising agent for prevention and treatment of chronic diseases (recent update)

“…Nimbolide showed to regulate the ROS redox-homeostatic imbalance and the immune modulatory response after Ochratoxin A (OTA)-induced acute liver inflammation in mouse models. The anti-inflammatory effect of nimbolide was found to be mediated by inhibiting cytokine production and decreased oxidative stress, via regulating protein peroxidation, protein expression of SIRT1-mediated pathways and protein carbonyl content (PC) ( 73 ). In addition, nimbolide can prevent cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity ( 74 ).…”