The ayahuasca tourism boom: An undervalued demand driver for jaguar body parts?

Braczkowski, Alexander; Ruzo, Andrés; Sánchez, Fátima Morán; Castagnino, Romi; Brown, Chip; Guynup, Sharon; Winter, Steve; Gandy, Devlin; O’Bryan, Christopher J.

doi:10.1111/csp2.126

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Some of the jaguar teeth seized were carved for the jewelry market, indicating that those jaguar canines may play a role in the Asian market as jewelry or amulets. Big cats are frequently associated with strength, and their body parts are used or kept by people for imbuing personal and spiritual power (Williams et al 2017;Kelly 2018;Braczkowski et al 2019). Decoration and collection markets for wildlife-derived products are often rarity driven (Phelps et al 2014), and jaguar pieces may infuse novelty to this market.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Long‐term efforts to conserve populations of wild cats in southern America may be threatened by a new wave of trade for local and international consumption (Nuñez & Aliaga‐Rossel 2017; Braczkowski et al. 2019; Verheij 2019). Our findings indicated a recent increase in trade in jaguars and significantly less and stable trade in pumas and ocelots over the 6‐year study period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Illegal trade in wild cats and its link to Chinese‐led development in Central and South America

Morcatty

Macedo²,

Nekaris

et al. 2020

Conservation Biology

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Seizures of hundreds of jaguar heads and canines in Central and South America from 2014 to 2018 resulted in worldwide media coverage suggesting that wildlife traffickers are trading jaguar body parts as substitutes for tiger parts to satisfy the demand for traditional Asian medicine. We compiled a data set of >1000 seized wild cats (jaguar [Panthera onca], puma [Puma concolor], and ocelot [Leopardus pardalis]) from 19 Central and South American countries and China. We ran generalized additive mixed models to detect trends in wild-cat seizures from 2012 to 2018 and assess the effects of socioeconomic factors of source countries and between those countries and China on the number of wild cats seized. Jaguar seizures increased over time, and most of the seized jaguar pieces were canines (1991 of 2117). Around 34% (32 of 93) of the jaguar-part seizure reports were linked with China, and these seizures contained 14-fold more individuals than those intended for domestic markets. Source countries with relatively high levels of corruption and Chinese private investment and low income per capita had 10-50 times more jaguar seizures than the remaining sampled countries. The number of Chinese residents in Central and South America was not significantly related to the number of jaguars seized. No socioeconomic factors influenced the seizures of puma and ocelots. Legal market chains may provide structure for the illegal chain; thus, the influx of illegal jaguar products is potentially a side effect of the economic partnership between Central and South American countries and China. Poverty and high levels of corruption in the source countries may motivate local people to engage in illegal activities and contribute to the growth of this trade. Supply-side interventions to curb this threat to Neotropical wild cats may include improved training for officials and promotion of governance and the value of protecting these animals to local people.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Illegal trade in wild cats and its link to Chinese‐led development in Central and South America

Morcatty

Macedo²,

Nekaris

et al. 2020

Conservation Biology

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“…However, none of them could cover all their needs, and I was not able to trace the origin of the ayahuasca sold on the market-another worthy area for future research. The environmental impact of shamanic tourism on the region also remains underexamined, although a recent publication points to the potential relationship between jaguar poaching and shamanic tourism (Braczkowski et al 2019). Such activities can hardly compare to the environmental damage caused by extractive activities, however.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The environmental impact of shamanic tourism on the region also remains underexamined, although a recent publication points to the potential relationship between jaguar poaching and shamanic tourism (Braczkowski et al. 2019). Such activities can hardly compare to the environmental damage caused by extractive activities, however.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shamanic Tourism in the Peruvian Lowlands: Critical and Ethical Considerations

Fotiou

2020

J Latin Amer Carib Anth

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This article examines the phenomenon of shamanic tourism, which began in Amazonia in the 1980s. The author has researched the phenomenon since the early 2000swhile it was still at its infancy-in Iquitos, Peru, which is today considered the mecca of shamanic tourism. Contemporary Amazonian shamanism emerged as a response to the violent and disruptive process of the rubber boom; however, in the context of tourism, it is viewed as the healing force for bodily and mental ailments that stem from what is perceived as the West's spiritual impoverishment. The article reviews the phenomenon of shamanic tourism and the challenges it presents in the 21st century, situating it within larger scholarly conversations on ethnic tourism and cultural appropriation. Finally, potential avenues for future research are presented. [Amazonia, ayahuasca, shamanic tourism, shamanism] R e s u m e n Este artículo examina el fenómeno del turismo chamánico, que comenzó en la Amazonía en la década de 1980. He investigado el fenómeno desde principios de la década de 2000-cuando todavía estaba en su infancia-en Iquitos, Perú, hoy considerado la meca del turismo chamánico. Aunque el chamanismo amazónico contemporáneo surgió como una respuesta al proceso violento y disruptivo del auge del caucho, en el contexto del turismo, es visto como la fuerza curativa para las dolencias corporales y mentales que se derivan de lo que se percibe como el empobrecimiento espiritual del Occidente. El artículo revisa el fenómeno del turismo chamánico y los desafíos que presenta en el siglo XXI situándolo dentro de conversaciones académicas sobre turismo

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“…Moreover, taking into consideration the rapid human population growth rate and increasing demand for access to land and resources, it can be expected that HWC will increase in numbers even more [ 1 , 36 ]. Recently, the encroachment of large-bodied animals like big cats (leopard Panthera pardus ) [ 37 ] bears (e.g., black bear Ursus americanus ) [ 38 ] or ungulates including moose ( Alces alces ) [ 39 , 40 ], red deer ( Cervus elaphus ), and wild boar ( Sus scrofa ) [ 41 ] into urban lands, have arisen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human–Wildlife Conflicts in Krakow City, Southern Poland

Basak

Wierzbowska

Gajda

et al. 2020

Animals

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Efforts to reduce human-wildlife-conflict are integral to wildlife management and conservation in urban habitats. In our study, we identified the HWC situations in urban areas of Krakow city, based on animal-vehicle collisions, intrusion to property, and damages. Hot spot analysis and Moran’s Index were used to identify the location of maximum potential conflict. We analysed 2512 incidents in which animals (of which 85% included mammals and 15% birds) were involved in conflict situations between 2007 and 2013. A significant seasonal variation was observed among the animals. We also identified roe deer (50.23%), red fox (22.80%) and wild boar (11.40%), as the three prominent conflicted animals. Getis–Ord Gi* analysis was used to identify spatial clusters of conflict. A significant spatial association was found in the location of clusters of hot spots in specific land-use based on Moran’s Index. Hot spots of roe deer and wild boar were high in grasslands and in forest and for red fox in built-up area. The results underscore the notion that conservation and wildlife management efforts must take into account differences in the seasonality of HWC among species. This information can be used to inform mitigation strategies.

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The ayahuasca tourism boom: An undervalued demand driver for jaguar body parts?

Cited by 12 publications

References 1 publication

Illegal trade in wild cats and its link to Chinese‐led development in Central and South America

Illegal trade in wild cats and its link to Chinese‐led development in Central and South America

Shamanic Tourism in the Peruvian Lowlands: Critical and Ethical Considerations

Human–Wildlife Conflicts in Krakow City, Southern Poland

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