2001
DOI: 10.1007/s00276-001-0341-2
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The axillopectoral muscle (of Langer) report of three cases

Abstract: The axillopectoral muscle, usually called Langer's axillary arch instead of Langer's arm arch, is a supernumerary muscle and is the principal anatomic variation of the axilla. Three cases of the muscle were observed originating from latissimus dorsi crossing over the axillary neurovascular bundle and inserting deep to the insertion of pectoralis major or into the coracoid process. Clinicians should be aware of its existence as it can give rise to different pathologies. It should be recognised and excised to ex… Show more

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Cited by 40 publications
(27 citation statements)
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“…In Japanese, the prevalence of axillary arch is found to be 9.1% (8) and 5.3% (9) in two different studies on 176 and 94 body halves respectively. Prevalence of this variation in Turkish population reported as 1.9% in 26 cadavers (3) , where in Bulgarian population reported as 3.6% in 56 cadavers (10) and in Spanish population it is reported as 3% from a study of 50 cadavers (11) . This indicate that incidence of Axillary arch varies in different countries though the incidence is unknown in Indians.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…In Japanese, the prevalence of axillary arch is found to be 9.1% (8) and 5.3% (9) in two different studies on 176 and 94 body halves respectively. Prevalence of this variation in Turkish population reported as 1.9% in 26 cadavers (3) , where in Bulgarian population reported as 3.6% in 56 cadavers (10) and in Spanish population it is reported as 3% from a study of 50 cadavers (11) . This indicate that incidence of Axillary arch varies in different countries though the incidence is unknown in Indians.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…(15) Ischaemic necrosis has complicated latissimus dorsi breast reconstruction if the thoracodorsal pedicle is stretched or compressed by an unsuspected axillary arch. (11) …”
Section: Clinical Significancementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Si bien la literatura especializada señala que la frecuencia de aparición de elementos vestigiales del Panniculus carnosus en la axila es baja -entre 4% y 12% según Miguel et al (2001)-, este dato puede estar subvalorado debido a que fascículos pequeños pueden pasar desapercibidos para el operador inexperto -cirujano o anatomista- (Tillaux;Kutiyanawala et al, 1998). Los datos publicados señalan que estas variaciones musculares son más comunes en mujeres, observándose con mayor prevalencia en mongoloides y caucasoides (Besana-Ciani & Greenall).…”
Section: Introductionunclassified
“…En humanos y primates este plano muscular involuciona concomitantemente con la mayor movilidad que adquiere el miembro superior, lo que reduce su importancia funcional (Bergman et al, 2006), persistiendo como una estructura anatómicamente evidente sólo a nivel del músculo dártos . La situación subcutánea de este plano muscular es adquirida secundariamente, ya que, en realidad, corresponde a musculatura esquelética, en especial musculatura pectoral, que toma relación con la piel (Ruge, 1895) y que se encuentra inervada por ramos primarios ventrales de los nervios torácicos (Langworthy, 1924).Si bien la literatura especializada señala que la frecuencia de aparición de elementos vestigiales del Panniculus carnosus en la axila es baja -entre 4% y 12% según Miguel et al (2001)-, este dato puede estar subvalorado debido a que fascículos pequeños pueden pasar desapercibidos para el operador inexperto -cirujano o anatomista-(Tillaux; Kutiyanawala et al, 1998). Los datos publicados señalan que estas variaciones musculares son más comunes en mujeres, observándose con mayor prevalencia en mongoloides y caucasoides (Besana-Ciani & Greenall).…”
unclassified
“…The most common variation of axilla is the axillary arch (AA) (Daniels & della Rovere, 2000;Besana-Ciani & Greenall, 2005;Georgiev et al, 2007;Millet et al, 2007). Axillary arch may be an extension of the muscle bundle of latissimus dorsi (Miguel et al, 2001;Mérida-Velasco et al, 2003;Georgiev et al), but may also commence by a tendon at the lateral side of the muscle (Mérida-Velasco et al). Typical AA commences from the anterior (or lateral) edge of latissimus dorsi and by passing over the neurovascular bundle it inserts pectoralis major tendon (Natsis et al, 2010).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%