The Awareness of Thirst: Proposed Neural Correlates

Sewards, Terence V.; Sewards, Mark A.

doi:10.1006/ccog.2000.0462

Cited by 28 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 139 publications

(164 reference statements)

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“…thirst) responses in the PAG [27,29]. The effects of Ang II may be through presynaptic AT1 inhibition of GABAergic inputs on the basis of the data provided in our present experiment.…”

mentioning

confidence: 55%

“…The effects of Ang II may be through presynaptic AT1 inhibition of GABAergic inputs on the basis of the data provided in our present experiment. Although Ang II acts as a neurotransmitter or modulator in several regions of the brain including the PAG [11,27,29], the specific sources of Ang II in the PAG are not completely clear. We postulate that a major source of the angiotensinergic inputs to the PAG is circumventricular organs like the source of Ang II to other brain regions [22].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Angiotensin II inhibits GABAergic synaptic transmission in dorsolateral periaqueductal gray neurons

Xing

2009

Neuroscience Letters

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The purpose of this study was to determine the role of angiotensin II (Ang II) in modulating inhibitory and excitatory synaptic inputs to the dorsolateral periaqueductal gray (dl-PAG). The whole cell voltage-clamp recording was performed to examine inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs and EPSCs) of the dl-PAG neurons. Ang II, at the concentration of 2 µM, decreased the frequency of miniature IPSCs from 0.83 ± 0.02 to 0.45 ± 0.03 Hz (P < 0.05) in 10 tested neurons. This did not significantly affect the amplitude and decay time constant. The effect of Ang II on miniature IPSCs was blocked by the prior application of Ang II AT1 receptor antagonist losartan, but not by AT2 receptor antagonist PD123319. Additionally, Ang II decreased the amplitude of evoked IPSCs from 148 ± 15 to 89 ± 7 pA (P < 0.05), and increased the paired-pulse ratio from 96 ± 5% to 125 ± 7% (P < 0.05) in eight tested neurons. In contrast, Ang II had no distinct effects on the EPSCs. Our data suggest that Ang II inhibits GABAergic synaptic inputs to the dl-PAG through activation of presynaptic AT1 receptors. KeywordsAngiotensin II; Synaptic transmission; GABA; Midbrain PAG Angiotensin II (Ang II) plays an important role in the control of balance of hydromineral and fluid volume, as well as sympathetic nerve activity [5,26]. Also, Ang II can regulate arterial blood pressure in the development and maintenance of hypertension [6,30]. Ang II receptor subtypes, called AT1 and AT2, are engaged in action of Ang II [12].The prior studies have revealed the presence of both AT1 and AT2 throughout the rat brain [13,16]. In particular, AT1 receptors are present within the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) area [16]. Ang II injected into the PAG of rats increases arterial blood pressure [11]. Ang II was likely injected into the lateral or dorsolateral PAG according to the coordinates presented in this previous study. The blockade of AT1 receptors but not AT2 attenuates the increase in blood pressure induced by injection of Ang II [11]. Thus AT1 receptors are likely to play a role in modulating blood pressure in regions of the PAG. However, the underlying mechanisms by which Ang II affects synaptic signaling to the PAG neurons have not specifically been studied. In this study we used an in vitro whole cell recording technique in [18,35]. The solution was adjusted to pH 7.25 with 1 M of KOH and osmolarity of 280-300 mOsm. The slice was placed in a recording chamber (Warner Instruments, Hamden, CT) and fixed with a grid of parallel nylon threads supported by a U-shaped stainless steel weight. The aCSF saturated with 95% O 2 -5% CO 2 was perfused into the chamber at 3.0 ml/ min. The temperature of the perfusion solution was maintained at 34 °C by an in-line solution heater with a temperature controller (Model TC-324; Warner Instruments). Whole cell recordings from the dl-PAG neurons were performed visually using differential interference contrast (DIC) optics on an upright microscope (BX50WI, Olympus, Tokyo, Japan). The tissue image wa...

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“…thirst) responses in the PAG [27,29]. The effects of Ang II may be through presynaptic AT1 inhibition of GABAergic inputs on the basis of the data provided in our present experiment.…”

mentioning

confidence: 55%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Angiotensin II inhibits GABAergic synaptic transmission in dorsolateral periaqueductal gray neurons

Xing

2009

Neuroscience Letters

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“…This view is supported by known functional overlap between brain areas involved in motivational and emotional processes (e.g., Cardinal, Parkinson, Hall & Everitt, 2002; Jones, Dilley, Drossman, & Crowell, 2006; Sewards & Sewards, 2000) and is echoed by modern neuroscientists, who sometimes refer to the phenomena of hunger, thirst and pain as “homeostatic emotions” (e.g., Craig, 2003). Against this backdrop, the idea advocated by Hebb, Bruch and Buck is that there is no innate knowledge of any difference between “emotional” feelings or states and “motivational” ones like hunger, thirst and satiety.…”

Section: The Development Of Hunger Thirst and Satietymentioning

confidence: 98%

Alimentary epigenetics: A developmental psychobiological systems view of the perception of hunger, thirst and satiety☆

Harshaw

2008

Developmental Review

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Hunger, thirst and satiety have an enormous influence on cognition, behavior and development, yet we often take for granted that they are simply inborn or innate. Converging data and theory from both comparative and human domains, however, supports the conclusion that the phenomena hunger, thirst and satiety are not innate but rather emerge probabilistically as a function of experience during individual development. The metatheoretical perspective provided by developmental psychobiological systems theory provides a useful framework for organizing and synthesizing findings related to the development of the perception of hunger, thirst and satiety, or alimentary interoception. It is argued that neither developmental psychology nor the psychology of eating and drinking have adequately dealt with the ontogeny of alimentary interoception and that a more serious consideration of the species-typical developmental system of food and fluid intake and the many modifications that have been made therein is likely necessary for a full understanding of both alimentary and emotional development.

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“…However, neuronal activities in these cortical areas are unlikely to contribute to object recognition awareness, given their involvement in emotional processes (Vogt, Finch, & Olson, 1992;Devinsky, Morrell, & Vogt, 1995;Lane, Reiman, Axelrod, Yun, Holmes, & Schwartz, 1998;Fischer, Andersson, Furmark, & Fredrikson, 2000;Sewards & Sewards, 2000b) and the fact that lesions to these areas do not cause deficits in object recognition (Ennaceur, Neave, & Aggleton, 1997;Meunier, Bachevalier, & Mishkin, 1997).…”

Section: Cortical Areas In Which Neuronal Activities Produce Recognitmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Awareness of Thirst: Proposed Neural Correlates

Cited by 28 publications

References 139 publications

Angiotensin II inhibits GABAergic synaptic transmission in dorsolateral periaqueductal gray neurons

Angiotensin II inhibits GABAergic synaptic transmission in dorsolateral periaqueductal gray neurons

Alimentary epigenetics: A developmental psychobiological systems view of the perception of hunger, thirst and satiety☆

On the Neural Correlates of Object Recognition Awareness: Relationship to Computational Activities and Activities Mediating Perceptual Awareness

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