The avian egg as a test system for endocrine disrupters: effects of diethylstilbestrol and ethynylestradiol on sex organ develo

Berg, Cecilia; Halldin, Krister; Fridolfsson, Anna‐Karin; Brandt, Ingvar; Brunström, Björn

doi:10.1016/s0048-9697(99)00179-5

Cited by 120 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In addition, egg production was unaffected in the present study, while quail exposed to 7 ng EE 2 /g egg as embryos failed to lay eggs as adults (unpublished results), probably due to malformation of their oviducts. Furthermore, as shown in studies with diethylstilboestrol, an approximately 25 times higher dose was required to cause Mü llerian duct (embryonic oviduct) malformations in chicken embryos compared with quail embryos (Berg et al 1999, Berg 2000. Taken together, these data imply that oviduct development in quail is more sensitive than in chicken with respect to oestrogenic effects on structure and function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Embryonic exposure to oestrogen causes eggshell thinning and altered shell gland carbonic anhydrase expression in the domestic hen

Berg¹,

Blomqvist²,

Holm³

et al. 2004

Reproduction

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Eggshell thinning among wild birds has been an environmental concern for almost half a century. Although the mechanisms for contaminant-induced eggshell thinning are not fully understood, it is generally conceived to originate from exposure of the laying adult female. Here we show that eggshell thinning in the domestic hen is induced by embryonic exposure to the synthetic oestrogen ethynyloestradiol. Previously we reported that exposure of quail embryos to ethynyloestradiol caused histological changes and disrupted localization of carbonic anhydrase in the shell gland in the adult birds, implying a functional disturbance in the shell gland. The objective of this study was to examine whether in ovo exposure to ethynyloestradiol can affect eggshell formation and quality in the domestic hen. When examined at 32 weeks of age, hens exposed to ethynyloestradiol in ovo (20 ng/g egg) produced eggs with thinner eggshells and reduced strength (measured as resistance to deformation) compared with the controls. These changes remained 14 weeks later, confirming a persistent lesion. Ethynyloestradiol also caused a decrease in the number of shell gland capillaries and in the frequency of shell gland capillaries with carbonic anhydrase activity. These data suggested that a disrupted carbonic anhydrase expression was involved in the mechanism for the oestrogen-induced eggshell thinning found in this study. The results support our hypothesis that eggshell thinning in avian wildlife can result from a structural and functional malformation in the shell gland, induced by xeno-oestrogen exposure during embryonic development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Embryonic exposure to oestrogen causes eggshell thinning and altered shell gland carbonic anhydrase expression in the domestic hen

Berg¹,

Blomqvist²,

Holm³

et al. 2004

Reproduction

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“…Using highly conserved primers flanking the intron of the gene, PCR amplification and agarose electrophoresis, 47 out of 50 bird species were successfully sexing 17 , whereas the method did not provide complete results and spent considerable cost and time. On the other hand, in ovo exposure of EDCs is the most important route in the birds [1][2][3]11 and avian eggs have been elucidated to be a good test system for evaluating effects of EDCs 5,[12][13][14][18][19][20][21][22] . Maternal transfer of 17 beta-estradiol benzoate (EB) to egg yolk has been demonstrated in Japanese quail, in which female quails received EB in the routs of i.m.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Screening Model Using F1(AWE * WE) Japanese Quail Embryo for Evaluating Sex Reversal Effects

et al. 2004

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F 1 (AWE × WE) strain of Japanese quail (Corturnix japonica) is produced from a mating between male AWE (albino plumage color) and female WE (wild plumage color) strains of Japanese quail. Male and female offspring exhibit wild and albino plumage colors, respectively, ruled by a criss-cross inheritance. F 1 (AWE × WE) eggs received 17 beta-estradiol (E 2 ) or methyltestosterone (MT) at 0, 20, 200, 2000, and 20000 ng/egg just before incubation. At 16 days of incubation, embryos were subjected to a complete necropsy and their gonads were grossly observed and examined histopathologically. Viabilities of the embryos at 16 days of incubation were not significantly different between the control and all E 2 groups and between the control and the MT 20, 200 and 2000 ng groups, whereas viability of the MT 20000 ng group was significantly lower than that of the control group. Grossly, genetic sex confirmed by plumage colors coincided completely with sex phenotype of the gonads in all embryos of the control and treated groups. Histopathologically, E 2 exposure induced a dose-dependent feminization such as ovotestis of the left testis. No abnormalities were detected in any male embryos of all the MT groups. E 2 and MT exposures induced no noticeable changes in the ovaries of any embryos. The present study suggests that the sex reversal test using F 1 (AWE × WE) Japanese quail embryos may be a rapid and cost-effective tool to evaluate screening feminization effects of the estrogenic endocrine disrupters. (J Toxicol Pathol 2004; 17: 245-252)

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“…There are several advantages of using chick embryos as the model system: the eggs are available all the year round (Berg et al, 1999), the neuroendocrine system is well understood (Ottinger et al, 2001), the embryo stages are well-established (Hamburger & Hamilton, 1951), and they are also recommended as a model for testing the toxicants (OECD, 1984;Touart, 2004). Strikingly, chicken was reported to be able to regenerate the new hair cells after exposure to the noise or ototoxic drugs (Cotanche, 1987;Janas et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro Study of Morphological Changes of the Cultured Otocyst Isolated from the Chick Embryo

2017

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SUMMARY:The aim of this study was to observe morphological changes of the cultured otocysts isolated from various stages of the chick embryo. Isolated otocysts were dissected from embryonic day, E2.5-4.5 of incubation according to stages of developing inner ear. Morphology of the chick otocyst exhibited an ovoid shape. The width and height of the otocyst were 0.2 mm and 0.3 mm, respectively. Elongation of a tube-like structure, the endolymphatic duct, was found at the dorsal aspect of the otocyst. The cultured otocyst is lined by the otic epithelium and surrounding periotic mesenchymal cells started to migrate outwards the lateral aspect of such epithelium. Notably, the acoustic-vestibular ganglion (AVG) was observed at the ventrolateral aspect of the otocyst. Appearance of AVG in vitro can be applied for studying chemical-induced ototoxicity and sensorineural hearing loss. It was concluded that the organcultured otocyst of the chick embryo could be used as a model to study sensory organ development of avian inner ear.

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The avian egg as a test system for endocrine disrupters: effects of diethylstilbestrol and ethynylestradiol on sex organ develo

Cited by 120 publications

References 29 publications

Embryonic exposure to oestrogen causes eggshell thinning and altered shell gland carbonic anhydrase expression in the domestic hen

Embryonic exposure to oestrogen causes eggshell thinning and altered shell gland carbonic anhydrase expression in the domestic hen

A New Screening Model Using F1(AWE * WE) Japanese Quail Embryo for Evaluating Sex Reversal Effects

In vitro Study of Morphological Changes of the Cultured Otocyst Isolated from the Chick Embryo

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