The availability of cavity trees along an age gradient in fresh pine forests

Zawadzka, Dorota; Drozdowski, Stanisław; Zawadzki, Grzegorz; Zawadzki, Jerzy

doi:10.14214/sf.1441

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Cavity-nesting birds require trees with specific characteristics (e.g., species, size, trees available) and these tree species are generally the most logged by forestry companies (Martin & Eadie 1999, Cockle et al 2010, Politi et al 2010, Ruggera et al 2016, Schaaf et al 2019. Relatively few studies assessed the impact of forest management certification on the availability of cavities for secondary cavity-nesting birds (Zawadzka et al 2016). Thus, the objective of this study is to compare the impact of forest management under certification with unlogged forest sites and conventional logging on cavity availability for secondary cavity-nesting birds, in a subtropical forest of northwestern Argentina.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An assessment of the availability of cavities for secondary cavity-nesting birds in certified and conventionally-logged Neotropical rainforests

Schaaf¹,

Tallei²,

Ruggera³

et al. 2020

iForest

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Biogeosciences and Forestry Biogeosciences and Forestry An assessment of the availability of cavities for secondary cavitynesting birds in certified and conventionally-logged Neotropical rainforests Alejandro A Schaaf (1) , Ever Tallei (1-2) , Román A Ruggera (1-2) , Constanza G Vivanco (1-2) , Luis Rivera (1-2) , Natalia Politi (1-2) The high level of forest intervention and the decrease in biodiversity as a result of logging are incentives to implement forest certification schemes. Despite the advances in the results of the impact of forest certification on biodiversity, there are few studies on species with specific habits, such as cavitynesting birds. The objective of this study is to compare the impact of forest certification and conventional logging on the richness, availability (density) and dominance of potentially suitable cavity trees for secondary cavity-nesting birds in the subtropical forests of northwestern Argentina. Seven sites were selected: three control sites which were not logged for at least 40 years, one site under Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certification, and three sites with conventional logging. The results suggest that logged forests under FSC-certification may guarantee a diversity, availability (density) and dominance of potentially suitable cavity trees for secondary cavity-nesting birds, as well as certain characteristics (such as DBH > 40 cm), similar to unlogged forests for this group of birds. Therefore, we suggest that the forests of northwestern Argentina should be managed by a scheme under forest certification so that the high levels of cavity tree species are maintained.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An assessment of the availability of cavities for secondary cavity-nesting birds in certified and conventionally-logged Neotropical rainforests

Schaaf¹,

Tallei²,

Ruggera³

et al. 2020

iForest

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“…Nesting of the above five species in nest-boxes in conifer forest areas is therefore sporadic and probably results from deficiency of hollows in the examined area, but also attractiveness of nest-boxes as substitute for breeding places. in pine stands of augustów Forest aged 70-100 years the number of hollows is very small -0.7 hollows per ha -and in stands below 70 years hollows were found occasionally (Zawadzka et al 2016). When considered is above dependence, arranging nest-boxes in younger forest stands, where there is not enough breeding places for secondary holenesting birds, seems justified.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…in economy forests, availability of breeding places for secondary hole-nesting birds is limited, especially in forest stands of younger age class. nesting possibility of this group of birds is dependent on the presence of hollows which are essential for breeding (Walankiewicz et al 2014;Zawadzka et al 2016;Zawadzka 2018). the number of breeding places for secondary hole-nesting birds is regularly being increased by creating 'artificial hollows',that is, hanging nest-boxes (Jabłoński et al 1979;graczyk 1992;Zawadzka, Zawadzki 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using nest-boxes in pine stands of the Augustów Forest

Zawadzki

Zawadzka³

et al. 2019

Forest Research Papers

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In 2011–2014, the occupancy of nest-boxes by secondary hole-nesting birds and their breeding success was investigated in pine stands of the Augustów Forest (North-Eastern Poland). In the studied area of 12600 ha, the share of Scots Pine Pinus sylvestris L. in the stands was 92%. On average, birds occupied 54% and bats 3% of the 224–317 nest boxes controlled yearly. Nest boxes were also used by the Pygmy Owl Glaucidium passerinum L. as food caches. In total, broods of nine secondary hole-nesting species were observed, but only four bird species nested in each year of study. The most numerous species, occupying 53–60% of all boxes each year was the Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca Pall. The Great Tit Parus major L. occupied 15–24% and the Coal Tit Periparus ater L. 10–12% of available nest-boxes, while the Redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus L. used 2–7% of nest boxes. The yearly breeding success was highest for tits (Great Tit – 52–84%, Coal Tit – 50–72%) and strongly variable for the Pied Flycatchers – 38–78%. Broods were lost due to predation by martens Martes sp. (38%) and great spotted woodpeckers Dendrocopos major L. (6%) as well as nest competition (2%). The nest-boxes were occupied at a constant rate during the following four years after their exposition. Over 67% of the new nest-boxes were occupied annually which means new nest-boxes (up to 4 years) were occupied significantly more often than boxes older than 4 years.

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“…It leads to forest fragmentation, the disappearance of a forest's natural structure, the shortening of the stand developmental cycle, and a reduction of the area of oldgrowth stage (e.g. Angelstam et al 2004;Lõhmus et al 2005;Zawadzka et al 2016). Other effects include a reduction of the volume of dead wood as well as an elimination of natural disturbance patterns and structures (Linder and Östlund 1998;Lindenmayer and McCarthy 2002;Bujoczek et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mature stand developmental stage has ceased to constitute the most suitable habitat for the capercaillie in the Augustów Forest, Poland

Drozdowski

Zawadzka²,

Zawadzki

et al. 2021

For. Ecosyst.

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Background Forest management affects the habitat conditions for many forest-dwelling species. Among them, the capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) is a rare forest grouse inhabiting old, mature forests. We compared the structure of forest habitat among 9 active and 9 abandoned leks in the Augustów Forest (North-Eastern Poland), within a radius of 1 km of the leks, defined as the Key Areas for the capercaillie in lowland temperate forest. Habitat measurements were conducted on 1779 circular plots. Assessments made on all plots related to 13 habitat variables measured or noted in the field, including stand structure, canopy closure, stand developmental stage, percentage of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), soil fertility and soil moisture, the share of undergrowth, the cover of shrubs, the cover of bilberry (Vaccinium sp.), and the presence of certain habitat elements important to the capercaillie. Results To compare the still-occupied and the abandoned KAs for the capercaillie, a logistic regression model was developed. The variables best explaining differences between these two categories were: the occurrence of undergrowth layers, canopy closure in the second canopy layer, and stand age. According to the model, with the increase of the shrub-layer cover as well as the density of trees, the probability of the presence of the capercaillie decreased. The capercaillie in the area of the Augustów Forest occupy mainly dry and poor, middle-aged, pine-dominated forests, with a moderate extent of stand canopy closure and only weakly-developed layers of undergrowth. Conclusions The filling-in of mature stands with sub-canopy trees and shrubs (the process which is stimulated by climate change and site eutrophication) causes structural changes, which are unfavourable to the capercaillie. This might explain why in the course of the recent decades the capercaillie has abandoned the oldest stands, distinguished by the presence of bigger shares of undergrowth. The capercaillie has shifted to younger stands, which reveal a lesser extent of canopy closure and a more limited development of understorey vegetation.

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The availability of cavity trees along an age gradient in fresh pine forests

Cited by 20 publications

References 22 publications

An assessment of the availability of cavities for secondary cavity-nesting birds in certified and conventionally-logged Neotropical rainforests

An assessment of the availability of cavities for secondary cavity-nesting birds in certified and conventionally-logged Neotropical rainforests

Using nest-boxes in pine stands of the Augustów Forest

Mature stand developmental stage has ceased to constitute the most suitable habitat for the capercaillie in the Augustów Forest, Poland

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